摘要
2001-2003年在山东胶州市对结缕草(ZoysiajaponicaSteud.)繁殖特性及种子生产技术进行研究,结果表明:1.抽穗期前15～40d以前的低温和光照时间十分有利于结缕草小穗的分化和形成(r=0.89)。结缕草的结实率、种子数与抽穗期前5d和后15d的积温、光照时数均呈正相关,差异显著。光温互作对千粒重影响较大的是抽穗期后10～20d的光温因子(r=0.90)。2.结缕草生殖枝是从冬性植株上产生的;播种区结缕草93.0%的生殖枝是在匍匐茎上产生的,而栽植区70%～80%的生殖枝是根茎上产生的。结缕草分蘖株龄主要是1龄株,4～9月播种区1龄分蘖株占总分蘖株数的92.65%,栽植区的占96.78%,2龄株所占比例分别为6.75%和2.81%。3.在繁殖分配中果穗最重,其干重约为50mg,其次为叶、茎。结缕草匍匐茎上果穗占全株重的57.63%,比根茎上果穗所占比例略低,两者茎、叶所占比例都在9.0%和30.0%左右。4.栽植和播种建植结缕草种子田第3年才能形成较高的种子产量,种子产量达844kg/hm2以上。但播种区第2年种子产量很低(<22.5kg/hm2),而栽植区种子产量可达150kg/hm2左右。5.适量施氮肥可提高结缕草生殖枝数和种子产量,以30kgN/hm2(秋季施20kgN/hm2,春季施10kgN/hm2)处理效果最好,播种和分栽小区的生殖枝数分别为3343个/m2和2941个/m2。
A study on the reproduction characters and technologies of seed production of zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) was conducted in Jiaozhou, Shandong Province, from 2001 to 2003. The results indicated:1. The low temperature and length of illumination during the 15 to 40 days before heading facilitated the differentiation and development of spikelets (r=0.89). The grass'seed setting percentage and seed per spike were positively correlated to the accumulated temperature and sunlight hours during the 5 days before and the 15 days after heading, and the difference was significant. The interplay of sunlight and temperature during the 10-20 days after heading was a sensitive period that affected the weight of zoysiagrass seed (r=0.90).2. All reproductive tillers of zoysiagrass emerged from plants that had survived the winter. In the seeding plot, 93% of the reproductive tillers rose up from stolons, while in the transplant plot, 70%～80% came out from rhizomes. Most of the zoysiagrass tillers were one year old. In the April-to-September seeding plot and the transplant plot, 92.65% and 96.78% were one year old tillers, and 6.75% and 2.81% two year olds, respectively.3. A spike was the heaviest in the whole plant, averaging 50 mg in dry weight, followed by a leaf and stem. The spikes from stolons took 57.63% of the weight of a whole plant, somewhat lighter than that of spikes growing on rhizomes. Stems and leaves of a plant of each type took about 9.0% and 30.0% of the whole plant, respectively.4. The third year after zoysiagrass seeding and transplanting saw the seed yield to ascend, reaching 844 kg/hm^2 or more. The lowest seed yield of the seeding plot fell on the second year after sowing, a mere 22.5 kg/hm^2, while that of the transplant plot of the same year was about 150 kg/hm^2.5. An appropriate rate of nitrogenous fertilizer could increase zoysiagrass' number of reproductive tillers and seed production. A rate of 30 kgN/hm^2 (20 kgN/hm^2 in autumn and 10 kgN/hm^2 next spring) achieved the excellent results of growing 3343/m^2 and 2941/m^2 reproductive tillers, and seed yield of 844.5 kg/hm^2 and 874.65 kg/hm^2 in the seeding and transplant plot, respectively. An increased rate of N fertilizer would reduce instead of raising the reproductive tiller number and seed yield. Nitrogenous fertilizer could also lengthen the zoysiagrass spikes, increase the number of spikelets per reproductive tiller, seeds per reproductive tiller, thousand seed weight and setting percentage, as well as the seed dehydrogenase activity, acid phosphoesterase activity and seed vigor.6. The optimal seed harvest time was 36 days after the peak anthesis, approximately June 15, in our experiment, when the seed moisture content was estimated to be 26%～28%.7. Burning could improve the zoysiagrass seed yield and quality significantly, increasing reproductive tiller numbers/m^2, seed per reproductive tiller, setting rate, seed yield, while reducing the percentage of deaf and shriveled seeds, compared to the plot not subjected to fire.8. The ABA content gradually rose and IAA and GA contents gently decilined with the seed development. However, the GA, IAA, and ABA contents of the reproductive tillers' leaves, fibers, stolons and rhizomes were lower than those of the vegetative tillers. Reverse is the mode of the stems, thsin GA, IAA, and ABA contents were higher in the reproductive than in the vegetative tillers.
出处
《草地学报》
CAS
CSCD
2005年第2期170-171,共2页
Acta Agrestia Sinica
基金
农业部"948"重大项目(202099)专题"牧草种子生产技术的研究与示范"
高等学校博士点基金项目"牧草种子产量形成机理研究"(20010019004)
中国农业大学草地研究所与青岛海源草坪有限公司横向合作项目"结缕草种子生产技术的研究"资助
