摘要
言语行为理论经常被用来解释语言交际,解释人们如何以言行事.语用研究一般比较注重言外行为,相对忽视了言后行为在交际中的重要性.笔者认为言后行为指语言交际中话语在交际者的心理或行动上产生的结果,既可以是说话人预期的,也可以是预期外的,而其主体可以是说话人、听话人或其他人.一般而言,言语行为的言后行为与说话人的期望值吻合,而言语事件的交际效果可能包括几个连续产生的言后行为,它可能高于或低于交际者的期望值.本文阐述了语言交际中交际者的互动性,分析了言后行为产生的不同情况和它的不确定性,并探讨了言后行为和交际效果的关系.
Speech Act Theory is regarded as a theory on linguistic acts in communication. Most pragmatic studies focus upon illocutionary force while neglecting perlocutionary effects. In this paper, perlocution is defined as the consequential effect upon the interlocutors. It is indefinite and can be produced by the utterances and/or actions of the interlocutors; it can be expected or unexpected in terms of the primary communicative purpose; it can be in accordance with or only a part of the communicative effect of the speech event. This paper illustrates the four major situations concerning perlocution and its indeterminacy due to the interaction of interlocutors, and investigates the relationship between perlocution and communicative effect.
出处
《山东外语教学》
2005年第3期27-30,共4页
Shandong Foreign Language Teaching
关键词
言后行为
交际意图
交际效果
perlocutionary act
communicative intention
communicative effect
