摘要
花曲柳窄吉丁(emeraldashborer,EAB)AgrilusplanipennisFairmaire是木犀科(Oleaceae)属Fraxinus植物树木的毁灭性蛀干害虫,目前发现其主要危害欧亚属Subgen.Fraxinus欧组(SectionFraxinus)和象蜡树组(SectionMeliodes)的一些树木种类,如美国白蜡Fraxinusamericana、洋白蜡F.pennsylvanicavarsubintegerrima、绒毛白蜡F.velutina、黑白蜡F.nigra和水曲柳F.mandshurica等。与早期文献上的记载不同,很少发现花曲柳窄吉丁对苦枥木亚属Subgen.Ornus白蜡树组(SectionOrnaster)的白蜡树F.chinensisRoxb和花曲柳F.rhynchophylla造成危害。不同寄主白蜡树对花曲柳窄吉丁的敏感性不同,洋白蜡、绒毛白蜡等北美白蜡树种受其危害重于亚洲的水曲柳。这可能是由于长期的适应进化,分布在亚洲地区的属寄主树木发展了对花曲柳窄吉丁的抗虫性。中国部分地区发生的花曲柳窄吉丁灾害应该归属于引进的北美白蜡树种对本地害虫敏感所致。在天津、黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、河北、山东、四川、台湾、内蒙古和新疆等省市和自治区,都曾发现花曲柳窄吉丁的危害或分布。白蜡属树木广泛分布于我国除了青藏地区和海南省之外的大部分地区,其中大面积引种北美白蜡树种的北方和西北地区,以及近年来种植发展水曲柳的东北地区都是花曲柳窄吉丁这种毁灭性蛀干害虫的潜在发生地。花曲柳窄吉丁在我国部分地区为检疫性林业害虫,做好检疫是杜绝其扩散蔓延的首要方法。我国局部地区出现花曲柳窄吉丁灾害说明,北美白蜡树种在我国的适应性还需要进行更进一步科学的全面的风险评估,在我国生态建设中应重视利用我国本地的白蜡树种。在花曲柳窄吉丁灾害的治理中,可采用营造混交林以降低蔓延的速度和发挥自然控制能力,加强肥水管理以增强树木的抗虫能力,清除被害木消灭虫源,以及幼虫期树干注射、成虫期喷洒化学农药等防治措施。
The host range of emerald ash borer （EAB）, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, a destructive wood borer, is limited to ash trees of the genus Fraxinus in the family Oleaceae. EAB attacked ash species in the Section Fraxinus and Section Meliodes of Subgen. Fraxinus, such as F. americana, F. pennsylvanica var. subintegerrima, F. velutina, F. nigra, and F. mandshurica. Contrary to reports in the early literature, EAB was rarely found infesting native species F. chinensis Roxb. and F. rhynchophylla Hance. EAB was also found attacking different ash species of Section Meliodes, such as two species native to North America, F. pennsylvanica and F. velutina, more heavily than those of Section Fraxinus, such as the native species F. mandshurica. Native ash trees of China may be more resistant to indigenous pests such as EAB due to the evolution of natural defenses over long time. It is likely that the severity of this pest in some regions of China resulted from the high susceptibility of introduced ash tree species from North America to EAB. EAB has been reported in Tianjin city, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Sichuan and Taiwan provinces, and Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia autonomous regions in China. Ash trees are distributed in every province and autonomous region in China with the exception of Qinghai and Hainan provinces and Tibet autonomous region. The north and northwest of China where North American ash species have been widely introduced, and the northeast of China where F. mandshurica has been planted recently are places of the potential outbreaks of this pest. EAB has been listed as a quarantine forest pest in some provinces of China, so the strict quarantine will be the first step to stop its diffusion. The outbreaks of EAB occurred on introduced North American ash trees showed that the evaluation of adaptability of these ash species in China needed further work, and the native ash species should be paid more attention in the environmental management. In the management of EAB, the mixed plantation, advanced cultivating measures, cleaning out damage trees and appropriate chemical control techniques are recommended to adopt.
出处
《昆虫学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第4期594-599,共6页
Acta Entomologica Sinica
基金
中美合作研究课题"中国地区花曲柳窄吉丁天敌的调查研究"~~
国家林业局森林保护学重点实验室资助课题
