摘要
为解决滨海盐碱地区缺K+渗咸水养殖对虾效果不佳的问题,2002年8月至9月,以人工海水为介质,在(25±0.5)℃条件下,保持盐度为15和Na、K总含量恒定,研究了6个Na+/K+(mmol/mmol)比值:R1,R2,R3,R4,5和R6(Na+/K+比值分别是47,62,76,88,98和116)对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)幼虾生长、摄食和能量收支的影响。结果表明,各实验组实验虾的存活率没有显著差异。但是,随着Na+/K+比值的升高,实验虾的蜕皮频率(Moulting frequency)逐渐加快,并出现显著差异。R1,R2和R3组的养成体重、增重率和特定生长率(SGR)明显优于Na+/K+比值较大的R4,R5和R6组。各组实验虾的相对摄食率(FR)没有显著差异。R5和R6组的食物转化效率(FCE)显著低于对照组。水体的Na+/K+比值对实验虾的摄食能总量以及生长能、粪便能和蜕皮能所占摄食能的比例都产生了显著影响,而各组虾的呼吸能和排泄能的分配比例之间没有明显差异。实验表明水体Na+/K+比值是通过影响凡纳滨对虾对食物的转化效率(FCE)和生长能占摄食能的分配比例来影响其生长的。而且,在盐度15左右的缺K+咸水环境下养殖凡纳滨对虾,通过添加钾盐,将水体Na+/K+比值至少降低到76的水平,才能达到较好的养殖效果。
In order to solve the problems in shrimp farming with potassium deficient saline ground water, from August to September 2002, the effects of saline water Na^＋/K^＋ ratio on the growth, feed intake and energy budget of juvenile Litopenaeus vannarnei were investigated with artificial seawater under temperature 25 ± 0.5℃. The salinity （S = 15） and the total concentration of sodium and potassium in the experimental water were kept constant. Six treatments were set： R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6, in which the Na^＋/K^＋ ratios were 47, 62, 76, 88, 98 andll6 （mmol/mmol）, respectively. Results showed that there was no significant difference in shrimp survival. However, when the water Na＋/K＋ ratio increased, the molting frequency increased accordingly, and significant differences were found among the treatments. The final wet weight, weight gain and specific growth rate （SGR） in treatments R1, R2 and R3 were significantly higher than those in R4, R5 and R6. No significant differences were found in feeding rate （FR）. The food conversion efficiency （FCE） of treatments R5 and R6 were significantly lower than that of the other treatments. The Na^＋/K^＋ ratios significantly affected the energy consumed from food （C）, percentage of energy for growth （G/C）, percentage of energy lost in feces （F/C） and percentage of energy lost in molts （E/C）, though the percentage of energy lost for respiration （R/C） and excretion （U/C） were not significantly affected. It is indicated that the effects of Na^＋/K^＋ ratio on the growth of L. vannarnei were attributed to its influences on the shrimp＇s FCE and energy allocated for growth. Accordingly, in K^＋ deficient saline waters with salinity 15, the shrimp growth could be normal by adding potassium salt and reducing the Na^＋/K^＋ ratio to at least the level of 76.
出处
《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第5期773-778,共6页
Periodical of Ocean University of China
基金
国家高技术研究发展规划项目(2002AA648010)
科技部"十五"攻关项目(2004BA526B0402)资助
