摘要
工业革命以来200多年的科技进步和经济增长,使人类社会创造的物质财富达到了空前的程度。伴随着经济的快速发展,人类开始了对自然环境肆无忌弹的“侵略”,并由此导致了一系列的诸如能源危机、资源短缺、环境污染以及生态系统功能退化等关乎人类生存的问题。为了探索经济发展同自然资源使用之间的关系,本文借助物质流账户方法,计算了中国1990年~2002年中国经济发展中的国内物质消耗DMC(DomesticMaterialConsumption),并将之与国民经济发展指标联系,对DMC进行了反弹和减量效应分解。结果表明:1990年~2002年国内物质总消耗在26×108t^40×108t之间,合人均2·3t^3·1t;以2000年不变价人民币计算的国内物质使用效率(单位物质消耗的经济产出)约为1266元~2628元/t,在1990年~2002年间以年6·2%的年均增长率增长了105%。物质使用效率的提高表明中国经济的物质消耗没有随经济总量的增长而成比例增长,实现了一定程度的相对减量。但我国的资源使用效率只有英国的约1/7、法国的约1/5、德国的约1/4,我国经济仍处于资源消耗型增长阶段,DMC总量增长势头较强,实现绝对减量十分不易。
The technological advancement and economic development in the past 200 years since the industrial revolution have created great amount of wealth for human beings. In the meantime human beings have also extracted natural resources without limitations which resulted in many problems such as energy crisis, resources shortage, environmental pollution and degeneration of ecological system, all of which are closely related to the living of human beings. In order to explore the relationship between economic growth and natural resources usage, the Domestic Material Consumption （DMC） of China during 1990 - 2002 have been calculated based on the Material Flow Accounting system and decomposed into rebound and dematerialization effects. The results indicate that in the period of 1990 - 2002, the DMC was about 2.6- 4 billion tons, equivalent to 2.3 - 3.1 tons per capita; the material use efficiency （defined as economic output per unit of DMC） of the Chinese economy was about 1 266 - 2 628 Yuan per ton （ in 2000 constant value）, increased by 105% from 1990 to 2002, or by an annual growth rate of 6.2%. The increase in material use efficiency means that the amount of materials consumed did not grow proportionally with the growth of GDP, realizing a certain degree of relative dematerialization. However, the material use efficiency of the Chinese economy is only 1/7, 1/5 and 1/4 of that of UK, France, and Germany, respectively. The Chinese Economy is still in a stage of growth requiring high material consumption, and it is a difficult task to realize absolute dematerialization.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第5期2-7,共6页
Resources Science
基金
教育部优秀中青年教师基金项目资助(编号:1711)。
