摘要
目的:探讨不同性别、年龄、年级中学生抑郁状况的差异。方法:于2004-08随机选取重庆市和四川省25所中学,初一至高三年级在校学生2634人,男生1298人,女生1336人,年龄11～19岁。所有中学生均无精神疾患且同意参加调查。①中学生抑郁状态评估采用Beck抑郁自评问卷[共有21项,根据症状轻重按无(0分)、轻度(1分)、中度(2分)和重度(3分)4级评分。Beck抑郁自评问卷总分≤4分,无抑郁或极轻微;5～13分,轻度;14～20分,中度;21分或更高,重度]和抑郁自评量表[由20个陈述句和相应问题条目组成。每一条目相当于一个有关症状。每一条目均按1,2,3,4四级评分,根据最适合受试者情况的时间频度圈出1(从无或偶尔),或2(有时),或3(经常),或4(总是如此)。其中有10个条目是反应计分。抑郁自评量表总分≤40,无抑郁;41～47,为轻微至轻度抑郁;48～55,为中度抑郁;≥56,为重度抑郁]。②计量资料差异比较采用F检验和t检验。结果:有抑郁症状中学生1115人均进入结果分析,并完成量表评估。同时满足Beck抑郁自评问卷和抑郁自评量表抑郁症状评定标准者为抑郁症状阳性(中学生1115人,初一男107人,女114人;初二男83人,女96人;初三男86人,女111人;高一男131人,女151人;高二男68人,女78人;高三男38人,女52人)。①不同年龄和年级中学生抑郁程度比较:初二和13岁中学生比其他年级和年龄中学生抑郁程度轻,其他年级和年龄中学生的抑郁程度随年级和年龄增高而呈逐渐加重的趋势。以年级和年龄为自变量,进行方差分析,其F值分别为F(5,1114)=4.658,P<0.01;F(6,1114)=3.047,P<0.01。说明中学生抑郁症状在年级和年龄上存在显著的主效应。②不同年级中学生抑郁程度发展的性别差异:男生在初二年级抑郁症状水平最低,其他年级中学生抑郁症状水平随着年级增高呈逐渐加重趋势。以年级为自变量,对男生的抑郁症状水平进行方差分析,F(5,512)=1.072,P>0.05;以年级为自变量,对女生的抑郁症状水平进行方差分析,F(5,601)=2.886,P<0.05。初一、高三男女生抑郁症状差异明显(P<0.01)。③不同年龄中学生抑郁程度发展特点的性别差异:男女生抑郁程度随着年龄增高呈逐渐加重的趋势(13岁女生除外)。不同年龄女生的抑郁症状水平差异明显F(5,601)=2.434,P<0.05。各年龄的男女的T检验发现,13,14,17岁男女抑郁症状差异明显(t=3.462,2.689,P<0.01;t=2.223,P<0.05),其他年龄差异不明显。结论:①中学生抑郁症状发展水平的关键年龄是13岁,关键年级为初二。②女生抑郁症状水平存在随年龄和年级不断增高,且有显著的主效应。③同一年龄和年级中学生抑郁程度存在性别差异,即男生普遍重于女生。
AIM：To explore the differences of middle school student depressive symptoms in gender, age, and grade. METRODS：Totally 2 634 junior and senior middle school students were randomly selected from 25 middle schools of Chongqing and Sichuan province in August 2004, including 1 298 boys and 1 336 girls, aged from 11 to 19 years.All middle school students were free from mental illnesses,and were willing to participate in the survey. ① Depressive symptoms of middle school students were assessed by using Beck Depression Inventory （BDI） [21 items in total, rated with negative（0 score）, mild（1 score）, middle（2 scores） and serious（3 scores）, totally 4 degrees according to the symptoms degrees.BDl：total scores≤4, negative or extremely mild; 5-13 scores,moderate;14-20 scores, middle; 21 scores or higher, serious] and Zung Serf-Depression Scale （SDS）[SDS composed of 20 statement sentences and corresponding questions. Each item equala corresponding symptom, rated with 1, 2, 3, 4 four degrees, circle with l（never or seldom）, or 2（sometimes）, or 3（often）, or 4（always） according to the fittest time frequencies of participants, and 10 items are scored with reaction. SDS： total scores ≤40, negative; 41-47 scores, mild or moderate; 48-55 scores, middle; 56 scores or higher,serious].②F-test and t-test were used to compare the difference of measurement data. RESULTS：All 1 115 middle school students with depressive symptoms entered the results analysis,and completed the questionnaire assessment. Positive depressive symptoms were signaled hy satisfying the assessment criterions of both BDI and SDS at the same time （among 1 115 middle school students, junior middle school： 107 first year boys , 114 girls; 83 second year boys,96 girls;86 third year boys, lll girls;Senior middle school students： 131 first year boys , 151 girls; 68 second year boys, 78 girls; 38 third year boys, 52 girls）. ①Comparison of middle school students＇ depressive degrees in different ages and grades： Grade 2 of junior middle school students and 13-year-old students had lower depressive degree than other grades and ages,and the depressive symptoms levels of other grades and ages increased along with their grades and age. Analysis of variance was done with the independent variable of grade and age, F separately scores with F （5, 1 114）=4.658, P 〈 0.01; F （6, 1 114）=3.047, P 〈 0.01. Main effects of middle school students＇depressive symptoras in age and grades were illustrated.②Gender differences of middle school students＇depressive degrees development in different grades：Grade 2 boys of junior middle school had the lowest depressive level,and depressive symptoms levels of other grades students increased along with their grades. Analysis of variance in boys＇depressive symptoms levels were done with the independent variable of grade, F （5, 512）=1.072, P 〉 0.05; Analysis of variance in girls＇depressive symptoms levels were done with the independent variable of grade, F（5,601）=2.886, P 〈 0.05. There were significant differences between boys and girls in first year of junior middle school and third year of senior middle school （P 〈 0.01）. ③Gender differences of middle school students＇ depressivedegrees developmental characters in different ages： Depressive degrees of boys and girls increased along with their age（except for 13-year-old girls）. There was significant ＂difference between girls in different ages, F （5, 601）=2.434,P〈 0.05. t test of boys and girls with all ages showed that the difference was significant between boys and girls at age 13, 14, 17 （t=3.462, 2.689, P 〈 0.01; t=2.223, P 〈 0.05）, but it was not significant between other ages. CONCLUSION： ①At the level of middle school students＇ depressive symptoms, 13 is the critical age, and Grade 2 of Junior middle school is the critical grade. ②The girl depressive symptom levels increase along with their age and grades and remain significant main effects.（3）There are sharp gender differences at same age and grade.The depressive symptom levels of boys are more ~rious than those of girls.
出处
《中国临床康复》
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第36期32-34,共3页
Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation
