摘要
目的分析重症监护病房(ICU)医院感染的特点及发生医院感染的危险因素,探讨有效预防和降低其医院感染发病的对策。方法对2001～2003年入住ICU,发生医院感染患者的临床资料,采取前瞻性监测与回顾性调查相结合的方法进行整理分析。结果ICU患者医院感染率为24%,显著高于同期医院平均感染率4.34%;发生感染的病例平均住院日为43.78d,发生感染的病例平均费用为67369.30元,均明显高于非感染病例;医院感染部位的分布以下呼吸道感染最多,占55.26%;医院感染的病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌、真菌为主。结论ICU是医院感染的高发科室,应作为重点监测部门;其收治的患者基础病严重、侵入性操作多、大量使用抗生素、老年患者免疫功能低下等均是导致发生医院感染的易感因素;积极采取有效的综合防范措施,是降低其医院感染发病率的关键。
OBJECTIVE To analyze the behavior and the risk factors of nosocomial infection （NI） in patients in intensive care unit （ICU）. To find effective countermeasures for preventing NI and reducing the incidence rate of NI in ICU. METItODS All data of patients who suffered from hospital acquired infection in ICU from 2001 to 2003 were analyzed by prospective monitoring and retrospective studies. RESULTS Incidence rate of NI in patients in ICU was 24%. It was significantly higher than average incidence rate of NI of the whole hospital at the same time. The average hospitalization days （43.78 days） and cost （67 369. 30 RMB） of patients who suffered from NI were much higher than that of patients without NI, The lower respiratory tract was the most vulnerable site to infection, accounting for 55.26 M of all hospital infection. The most common infection microorganism in ICU was Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. CONCLUSIONS The incidence rate of NI in ICU is much higher than that in other departments. ICU should be treated as focal point of NI in hospitals. Risk factors depend on the severity of underlying diseases, invasive procedure, the quality of disinfection and sterilization, and patients＇ immunity status especially in the old. The key to reducing incidence rate of NI is to take complebensive measures.
出处
《中华医院感染学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第11期1247-1249,共3页
Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology
关键词
重症监护病房
医院感染
危险因素
预防控制
Intensive care unit （ICU）
Nosocomial infection
Risk factors
Prevention and control
