摘要
目的:了解空降兵官兵在跳伞训练前期的应对方式和防御方式特点,并进一步探讨与其心理健康的关系。方法:于2004-03采取随机、分层、整群抽样方法,在空降兵某师参加跳伞训练的官兵中,选择男性官兵635人作为观察对象。①应用应对方式问卷进行应对方式的调查。该问卷共20个条目,包括积极应对方式(条目1～12)和消极应对方式(条目13～20),以这两个维度的各自总分及均分为统计指标。②采用防御方式问卷评定其采用的防御机制的类型。该问卷含88个条目,1～9级评分制,评分越高即应用该机制的频度越大,其掩饰程度则越小。将成熟型,非成熟型,中间型防御类型按官兵不同的职别、不同文化层次和兵龄层次进行划分。③采用症状自评量表进行心理健康调查。并与中国人常模和中国军人常模进行比较。该量表共90项,包括躯体化、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐惧、偏执、精神病性等9个因子。每项评分1～5分。以量表总分与各症状因子分为指标,总分为90项累计得分,得分高反映心理健康状态差。采用统一指导语和无记名方式答卷。要求被调查对象根据自己的实际情况当场填写,独立完成,填写完毕后当场交卷。应用U检验及相关分析进行资料统计。结果:发问卷635份,回收635份,剔除28份不全答卷,实际有效问卷607份,有效率95.6%。①空降兵积极应对方式得分为1.63±0.65,消极应对方式得分为1.03±0.54,配对t检验结果t=18.452,p<0.01。说明大多数空降兵官兵倾向于应用积极的应对方式,只有少数人采用消极的应对方式。②防御机制的采用:士官与士兵组较多采用不成熟型和中间型防御方式,且与干部组间有显著性差异。不同文化层次空降兵所采用的防御方式,除不成熟型有差异外,成熟型,中间型,掩饰因子得分差异无显著性。军龄<1年组的空降兵较多采用不成熟型防御方式,军龄>4年组的空降兵较多采用成熟型防御方式,且与其他两组比较,差异有显著性。③空降兵607人中有心理问题的人数是153名,阳性率达25.2%。与中国人常模相比,除敌对性与精神病性因子无差异外;其余各因子及总分和阳性项目均分均显著高于中国人常模;与军人常模相比,躯体化、抑郁、偏执3因子无差异,人际关系、精神病性、敌对性3因子显著低于军人常模;其余3因子及总分和阳性项目均分均显著高于军人常模。④症状自评量表各因子分与消极应对和不成熟型防御方式及中间型防御方式得分之间正相关显著,且相关系数较大,而与绝大部分积极应对方式得分之间负相关显著,且相关系数较小,与绝大部分成熟型防御方式之间无明显相关。结论:要高度重视空降兵跳伞训练中的心理健康问题,增强空降兵官兵的外部心理社会环境,增强其正性情感体验,心理防护能力和应对技巧,提高部队战斗力。
AIM： To study the characteristics of copy style and defense style in parachutists during the prophase of parachuting training, and then analyze the relation with mental health. METHODS： In March 2004, 635 male military officers and soldiers participating in parachuting training from an airborne troop were enrolled with randomized, stratified and cluster sampling method. ①Copy style questionnaire was adopted for use in coping style survey, consisting of 20 items, items 1-12 as active mode and 13-20 as negative mode. The total and average score in respective mode were calculated and used as statistical indexes. ②A questionnaire on defense style was applied to assess the type of the defensive mechanisms, including 88 entries and nine scoring levels, in which high scores means higher applied frequency and less concealment. Altogether, three types of the protecting system were defined including maturity, immaturity and in-between, based on the parachutist＇s different positions, education and serving period. ③Symptoms checklist 90 （SCL-90） was performed to assess mental health which was compared with the Chinese norm and Chinese PLA norm. SCL-90 was composed of ninety items （each item is scored from 1 to 5） and nine factors including somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, psychoticism. The total score and score of different symptoms were used as the analytical index, in which higher more means poorer mental health. The same guidance was used to tell the test purpose before test, and the questionnaires were filled in independently and anonymously, and then the questionnaires were taken back on the spot. Meanwhile, the method of U test and correlation analysis were applied for data statistics. RESULTS： All the 635 questionnaires were taken back, among which, 28 questionnaires were excluded because of incomplete answer, and the valid questionnaires were 607 with the valid rate of 95.6%. ①Scores on active coping and negative coping were 1.63±0.65 and 1.03±0.54, respectively （t=18.452, P〈0.01）, indicating that most parachutists had a tendency to active coping style. ② More soldiers inclined to use the immature or in-between protecting methods than their officers and there were no differences in mature and in-between styles and score on concealment factor among the parachutists with different educational levels except immature style. Parachutists serving less than one year inclined to apply immature defense style, while mature defense style was found in most parachutists who had served for more than four years. ③Among the 607 subjects, 153 parachutists were found to have mental disease, accounting for 25.21%. As compared with the Chinese norm, the total score, scores on all the factors except hostility and psychoticism, and scores on positive symptoms were significantly higher in the parachutists. As compared with the Chinese PLA norm, scores on interpersonal sensitivity, psychoticism and hostility were significantly lower, and scores on obsessive-compulsive, anxiety and phobic anxiety and positive items were higher. No difference was found in the scores on somatization, depression and paranoid ideation. ④In SCL-90, scores on various factors were positively correlated with negative coping style, and immature and in-between styles, and correlation coefficient was larger; however, there was a negative correlation between SCL-90 scores and active coping style, and correlation coefficient was rather small. In addition, there was no clear correlation between SCL-90 scores and most mature coping styles. CONCLUSION： More attention should be paid to the psychological prob lems in the parachutists during parachuting training, and the outer psycho-logical social environments, its positive sensibility experience, psycho-logical protecting ability and coping skills should be reinforced. Thus, the fighting ability can be improved.
出处
《中国临床康复》
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第40期27-30,共4页
Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation
