摘要
目的:分析肿瘤患者常见的心理障碍、心理治疗方法及其治疗效应。资料来源:应用计算机检索Medline1990-01/2005-03期间的相关文章,检索词“tumor、psychotherapy”,并限定文章语言种类为English。研究对象为动物和人类。同时计算机检索维普中文科技期刊数据库1990-01/2005-03期间的相关文章,限定文章语言种类为中文,检索词“肿瘤、心理治疗”。资料选择:对资料进行初审,排除内容重复的文献,对剩余的文献开始查找全文。纳入标准:①有关肿瘤患者心理障碍的研究原著;②有关肿瘤患者心理治疗的研究原著。排除标准:文献中重复的研究和Meta分析类研究。资料提炼:共收集到89篇有关肿瘤患者心理障碍及其心理治疗的文献,排除重复或类似的研究,纳入21篇。其中有关心理障碍方面的有3篇,心理治疗方面15篇,肿瘤患者心理治疗问题及展望的有3篇。资料综合:肿瘤患者可以出现明显的心理障碍,包括心理痛苦、抑郁、焦虑和其他一些情绪问题如慢性疼痛、焦虑反应、痛苦抑郁等,这些心理障碍的出现严重影响患者的生活质量及基础疾病的治疗。因此,目前多通过解决患者心理障碍来提高其生活质量,常用的心理治疗方法包括社会支持、情绪支持、认知行为干预、适应性行为训练、心理教育干预等,通过以上治疗患者的适应能力增强,减少了抑郁情绪,焦虑和恐惧心理明显降低,治疗效果明显提高。然而肿瘤患者的心理治疗需要多学科的综合,加强如生理学、病理学、生物化学等基础学科的研究,将躯体疾病和心理疾病的治疗相结合,达到真正健康的目的。结论:通过多种形式的心理治疗,可以明显改善肿瘤患者的心理障碍,而肿瘤患者的心理治疗是一个综合的过程,更好的治疗方式是将心理治疗与基础治疗相结合,以提高患者的生活质量。
OBJECTIVE： To analyze the common psychological obstacles, psychotherapeutic methods and the therapeutic effects in tumor patients. DATA SOURCES：A computer-based online search of Medline database was undertaken to identify relevant articles, in which animals and human being were investigated, published in English between January 1990 and March 2005 by using the keywords of ＂tumor, psychotherapy＂. Meanwhile, Chinese articles published from January 1990 to March 2005 were searched in VIP database, the keywords were ＂tumor, psychotherapy＂. STUDY SELECTION： The data were checked firstly, and the articles with repetitive contents were deleted, and then the full-texts of the rest articles were searched. Inclusive criteria： ① original works about the psychological obstacles in tumor patients; ② original works about the psychotherapy in tumor patients. Exclusive criteria： repetitive studies and Meta analysis. DATA EXTRACTION： Totally 89 articles about the psychological obstacles and psychotherapy in tumor patients were collected, and the repetitive or similar studies were excluded, 21 articles were involved, including 4 about the psychological obstacles, 15 about the psychotherapy, and 3 about the problems and prospect in the psychotherapy in tumor patients. DATA SYNTHESIS： Tumor patients have obvious psychological obstacles, including psychological distress, depression, anxiety and other emotional problems, such as chronic pain, anxious reaction, distress depression, family stress and irritability, which severely affect the quality of life （QOL） and the treatment of primary diseases in the patients. Therefore, the QOL of the tumor patients were improved most by solving their psychological obstacles at present. The common methods for the psychotherapy were social support, emotional support, cognitive behavior intervention, adaptive behavior training, psychological education intervention, etc. By the above therapies, the adaptive ability of the patients was enhanced, the depressive emotion was reduced,anxiety and apprehensiveness were obviously decreased, and the therapeutic effects were obviously improved, However, the psychotherapy for tumor patients needs multidiseiplinary comprehension, the study about the primary subjects of physiology, pathology and biochemistry should be enhanced,the therapies of somatic diseases and psychological diseases should be combine so as to reach the purpose of real health, CONCLUSION： Various psychotherapies can obviously ameliorate the psychological obstacles of tumor patients, but the psychotherapy of tumor patients is a comprehensive process, the combination of psychotherapy and primary therapy is the better therapeutic means to improve the QOL of the patients.
出处
《中国临床康复》
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第40期77-79,共3页
Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation
