摘要
目的探讨科学研究人员职业紧张及其影响因素。方法采用职业紧张量表(OSI-R),对科学研究人员(研究组)235例,另外,随机抽取工厂、机关、服务和商业等行业的职工(对照组)319例,共计554例进行研究。结果①职业紧张总均分[(166.25±27.20)分,(139.16±17.19)分]及各子项得分(除工作环境子项外),紧张反应总均分[(91.15±18.11)分,(82.25±17.48)分]及业务紧张反应、人际关系紧张反应子项得分,应对资源总均分[(131.81±17.12)分,(126.93±19.11)分]及自我保健子项,科学研究人员均显著大于对照组(P<0.01,P<0.05)。②紧张反应与职业任务呈明显正相关(r=0.726,P<0.01),与应对资源呈明显负相关(r=-0.331,P<0.01)。③个体紧张反应、躯体紧张反应、人际关系紧张反应(除自我保健外)的主要影响因素:职业任务、任务冲突、理性处事、自我保健;业务紧张反应的主要影响因素:职业任务、任务过重、文化程度、理性处事、工作环境、责任感;心理紧张反应的主要影响因素:职业任务、任务冲突、个体应对资源、任务模糊。结论将已提出并验证过的职业紧张的模式结合已制定的科学研究人员职业紧张常模及应用表、图,针对科学研究人员的主要紧张源,紧张反应及其影响因素,可对科学研究人员采取有针对性的干预(组织、个体)措施,以达到降低科学研究人员的职业紧张程度,保护和促进工作能力。
Objective To assess occupational Stress and itInfluential Factors in scientific research group. Methods A test of occupational stress,its Influential Factors,was carry out with revised occupational stress inventory （OSI-R） for 235 scientific research group and 319 controls. Results （ 1 ） Among the 6 items of occupational role questionnaire, the scores of role overload, role insufficiency, role boundary, role ambiguity, responsibility are obviously higher in the scientific research group （ P〈 0.01 ）. The scores of vocational strain, interpersonal strain in the scientific research group are significantly higher（ P〈 0.01 ）. The results of personal resources indicate that self-care scores in scientific research group are superior（ P 〈 0.01 ）. （2）Occupational role and personal strain were positively correlated （ r = 0. 726, P〈 0.01 ）, both of which correlated negatively to the personal resources （ r = -0. 331, P〈0.01 ）. （4） The major influential factors of personal strain, interpersonal strain, physical strain were occupational roles, role boundary, rational, self-care. The major influential factors of vocational strain were occupational roles, role overload, education category, rational, physical environment, responsibility. The major influential factors of psychological strain were occupational roles, role boundary, personal resources, role ambiguity. Conclusions Different measure should be take to reduce the occupational stress so as to improve the work ability of scientific research group.
出处
《中国行为医学科学》
CAS
CSCD
2005年第11期1031-1033,共3页
Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medical Science
