摘要
青藏高原冰川和湖泊变化是气候变化敏感的指示器,利用地形图、航空照片、TM卫星遥感资料和其它相关研究文献资料,分析了青藏高原典型地区的冰川和湖泊变化情况.结果表明:1960—2000年期间,在气温上升、降水增加、最大可能蒸散降低的背景下,研究区内不同地区湖泊的面积变化存在比较大的空间差异.以冰川融水为主要补给的纳木错和色林错地区的主要湖泊以扩大为主,而以降水为主要补给的黄河源地区的主要湖泊则基本上全面萎缩.研究区的冰川在1960—2000年期间以退缩为主,但各地退缩的幅度有较大的差异.
Glaciers and lakes on the Tibetan Plateau play an important role in the earth＇s climatic system. The remote sensing techniques and the Geo- graphic Information System technology is an efficient tool to analyze the status and fluctuations of glaciers and lakes. In this paper, the variations of typical glaciers and lakes throughout the Tibetan Plateau were investigated by analyzing the datasets from aerial photos, satellite images, topographical and the derived digital elevation models during the period of 1960--2000. The results show that variation of lake area depends clearly on local climate change. Over the past 30 years, the most of lakes in the middle Tibetan Plateau, such as the Seling Lake and Nam Lake, expanded and glaciers around the lakes retreated dramatically. It is inferred that the increasing of precipitation, decreasing of potential evaportranspiration and runoff from glacier melting are responsible mainly for the lake expanding. However, the lakes in the head regions of the Yellow River in the northeastern plateau shrunk in the period of 1960--2000 despite of glacier retreating. In the source regions of the Yellow River, the changing trend of precipitation, although positive, is not significant while temperature increased apparently, indicating water loss of the lakes enhanced through increasing of evaportranspiration and thus lakes shrunk in the past 30 years. It is also argued that ecosystem regression resulted from human activity in the regions played an important role in the lake shrinking.
出处
《冰川冻土》
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第6期783-792,共10页
Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology
基金
中国科学院知识创新工程项目(KZCX3-SW-339-3)
国家自然科学基金项目(90202013)
中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所知识创新工程前沿项目(2004102)资助
关键词
青藏高原
遥感技术
湖泊变化
冰川变化
Tibetan Plateau
remote sensing
lake variation
glacier fluctuation
climate change
