摘要
计算湖北省71个气象站1961～2000年间四季、年平均、最低、最高气温倾向率,绘制其等值线分布图,设计并求取武汉站相对郊区代表站、全省的城市代表站、基本和基准站相对乡村代表站的热岛增温速率和贡献率.结果表明:1)40年来气温倾向率多为正,即呈增温趋势,但时空分布不均,冬季最低气温增速大,夏季最高气温增速小甚至降温,非对称性变化明显,几乎所有情况后20年增温加剧;2)武汉站、全省城市代表站热岛效应影响存在着显著的随时间增大趋势,武汉年平均、最低、最高气温的热岛增温速率分别为0.2、0.37、0℃/10 a,贡献率分别为64.5%、67.3%、0%,而全省城市代表站年3项气温的热岛增温速率略小,贡献率则可达75%以上,有些情况可达100%,且时间差异、非对称性特征与武汉较一致;3)近40年来全省基本和基准站热岛增温贡献率可达60%以上,近20年来还有50%左右.因此,目前根据国家基本、基准站资料建立的温度序列严重地保留着城市化影响.
Seasonal and annual bias rates of mean, minimum and maximum temperature of 71 meteorological stations in Hubei Province from 1961-2000 are calculated and the contour maps are plotted respectively. The warming rate and its contribution rate are evaluated for six series of stations （Wuhan to its suburbs; urban representative stations, basic/reference stations and 71 stations to rural representative stations）. The main results are： 1） most of the temperature bias rates are positive, but the spatial and temporal patterns are non-symmetrical. The warming rate is high in winter, low even negative in summer. Almost every temperature series has greater warming rate during the past 20 years; 2） the urban heat island effect has intensified in last 40 years, in Wuhan, the warming rate of mean, maximum and minimum temperature is 0. 2, 0. 37 and 0 ℃/10 a, and the contribution rates by urban heat island effect get 64.5%, 7.3% and 0% respectively, in urban representative stations, the warming rate of them are a little lower, but the contribution rates can get 75%, even 100% in some seasons; 3） the contribution rate of urban heat island effect over national basic/reference stations can get over 60% during the past 40 years and still 50%during the past 20 years. Above all, these results indicate the essentiality to pay more attentions to the magnitude change of urban heat island effect on long-term mean temperature series at least on regional scale.
出处
《气候与环境研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第4期771-779,共9页
Climatic and Environmental Research
基金
国家"十五"科技攻关项目课题"全球与中国气候变化的检测和预测"(2001BA611B-01)
科技部社会公益类重点项目"气候变化对城市人居环境影响评价与适应对策分析"(2003DIA6N017)
关键词
热岛效应
气温序列
气候变化
非对称变化
heat island effect, temperature series, climate change, asymmetrical change
