摘要
文章分析了1978年以采中国城乡居民食物消费量和消费结构的变化，结合弹性系数分析探讨了中国食物消费的变动趋势，并估算了1978年～2001年中国城乡居民膳食营养素撮入水平。在估算中，提出了利用食物消费支出和营养素摄八之间的关联来订正营养素摄取量估算值的方法。研究发现，城乡居民间接粮食消费持续增长，已经替代直接粮食消费成为粮食总需求增加的主要因素；城镇居民的食物消费正向动植物并重的方向发展；参照2010年中国营养发展总体目标，目前中国城乡居民摄入热量均已达到要求，但是城镇居民蛋白质摄入尚欠，脂肪摄入量超标较多，食物消费结构有待进一步调整优化；农村居民蛋白质和脂肪摄入量部偏低，食物消费水平和膳食营养水平尚需进一步提高；不论从食物消费结构还是人均撮入能量、蛋白质和脂肪等营养素的状况来看，农村地区居民的生活水平都较城镇居民要低；全面建设小康社会，农村居民食物消费水平的全面提高不容忽视。
This paper analyzed the variation of Chinese food consumption and its structure since 1978. It also discussed the changing tendency of Chinese food consumption based on the analysis of income elasticity of food demand. It evaluated the development of Chinese nourishment from 1978 to 2001, and put forward a method of revising the estimated results through the relationship between food expenditure and nutrient intake of Chinese residents. The study shows that, instead of direct grain consumption, indirect grain consumption has been a primary factor increasing grain demand, and the food consumption pattern of Chinese residents is turning to vegetables and animals. The Chinese daily energy intake has already met general requirement, but the protein intake of urban residents is relatively lower, and the fat intake is higher than the standard of Chinese general nourishment goal in 2010. The food consumption structure of Chinese urban residents needs to be rationalized. Nevertheless, the daily intake of protein and fat of rural residents are lower than the standards, and the nourishment of Chinese rural residents needs to be improved. The living standard of rural residents is lower than that of the urban residents as assessed from diet structure or daily energy intake, daily protein intake, and daily fat intake. There are still great differences in living and food consumption level between Chinese rural and urban residents. Improving the food consumption of the rural residents is very important for achieving a comprehensive easy-living society.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第1期2-8,共7页
Resources Science
基金
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(编号:KZCX3-SW-333)
