摘要
景观规划韵律学研究是目前国际景观生态规划的前沿领域。在总结景观规划的“斑—廊—基模式”基础上,将这一模式推广到“斑—廊—网—基—体模式”,并尝试揭示隐藏在这一模式内的景观韵律。景观韵律包括景观要素的形状、结构、层次、组份、形态、配置、连通、辐射、尺度、时序等空间结构和空间过程,景观韵律可以定义为:一定区域内特定时段景观要素的镶嵌格局与空间配置规律。景观度量学的数量分析方法成为景观韵律研究的重要手段和工具。在具体案例分析中,根据研究地区景观要素的空间配置特点、景观韵律的空间变化规律,规划形成3种战略点和四横四纵的景观结构体系。
The studies of landscape rhythm are the frontiers of landscape ecological planning. The repetition of elements in the landscape creates a visual rhythm＇s The landscape＇s rhythm directs the observer from one or a set of landscape elements that can be repeated or arranged in a spatial order. The landscape elements usually refer to patch, corridor and matrix that together constitute the widely accepted ＂Patch-Corridor-Matrix model＂ which has widely used in landscape planning. However, new aspects such as landscape net and system are needed to effectively apply sustainable principles to planning and management. This paper proposes an improved landscape planning model, namely ＂Patch-Corridor-Net-Matrix-System model＂, and further investigates the hidden rules of landscape rhythm. In general, landscape rhythm includes shapes, structure, arrangements, composition, configuration, connection, radiation, graduation, cycles and more in various landscape elements with different spatial structures and processes. Therefore, landscape rhythm can be defined as a mosaic pattern in the study area in time as well as a kind of spatial distribution rules. Numerous quantitative metrics have emerged from landscape ecology that are useful for applying landscape rhythm concepts to sustainable landscape planning because landscape metrics describe the spatial structure of a landscape at a set point in time. They provide information about the contents of the mosaic or rhythm.Landscape metrics can characterize landscape rhythm in a nested framework. Metrics can be categorized according to the features of landscape rhythm that they address. Patch area metrics measure the number and size of patches in the order of rhythm Edge and shape metrics quantify the shape of rhythm and are often related to landscape elements. Landscape configuration is assessed through contagion rhythm and measurements related to nearest neighborhood, edge contrast, etc. These metrics are essential tools to address landscape rhythm patterns in a quantitative rigorous and robust manner. In this paper, it is recognized with a case study that four types of landscape rhythm are normally observed in the study area not only just patch shapes and sizes but also spatial arrangements of the patches and the corridors. Some strategic points, which are absolutely important for the landscape structure and the ecosystem safety, are need to be recognized according to landscape rhythm concept. At last, we suggest a strategic landscape planning with three kinds of strategic points within a 4 × 4 network structure in order to keep the spatial balance and the rhythm of the landscape ecosystem. We argue that proper and informed use of landscape rhythm and landscape metrics will contribute to advance landscape planning theory and practice towards the goal of sustainable urban and regional planning.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第1期221-230,共10页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(40171029
40471058)
南京大学科研基金资助项目(029004103)~~
关键词
景观规划模式
景观韵律学
景观度量学
城市景观规划
landscape planning model
landscape rhythm
landscape metrics
urban landscape planning.
