摘要
目的对在校中小学生眼健康状况中的动态屈光基本情况进行调查,为青少年眼保健提供基础资料。方法采用横断面调查设计,用自动验光仪(NIKONSPEEDY-K)非散瞳情况下对中小学生5757人次11514眼动态眼屈光状态等指标进行采集,输入编辑的专项应用程序,用SPSS11.0软件行统计分析。结果1.中小学生(年龄7～18岁)在正常动态情况下,近视眼的检出率为81.4%,在小学1年级(7岁)、初中1年级(13岁)、初中3年级(15岁)、高中3年级(18岁)近视检出率分别为48%、84%、95%、95%。其中51.6%为低度近视,24.5%中度近视,5.3%高度近视;正视眼仅占15.1%,尚有3.5%的远视眼;在初小、高小、初中、高中4个阶段不同屈光状态的变化:高度近视、中度近视逐渐增加,分别由0.8、8.2%上升至7.7、31.8%,正视、远视逐渐下降,分别由40.5、4.8%下降至3.8、2.2%,低度近视在41.7～57.9%间波动。2.中小学平均屈光度(-2.25±2.15)D。4个阶段平均屈光度为:初小(-1.02±1.48)D,高小(-1.67±1.67)D,初中(-2.39±2.10)D,高中(-3.39±2.34)D;小学阶段平均屈光度为(-1.32±1.60)D,中学阶段平均屈光度为(-2.76±2.24)D。性别中,女生平均屈光度(-2.38±2.17)D高于男生(-2.13±2.12)D。眼别中,右眼平均屈光度(-2.33±2.13)D高于左眼(-2.17±2.18)D。各组间有显著性差异(P=0.000)。小1和高3的平均屈光度为(-0.82±1.42)D和(-3.57±2.25)D,而高3男生的平均屈光度为(-3.64±2.19)D,女生为(-3.50±2.31)D。其中低度近视平均(-1.64±0.73)D,中度近视平均(-4.31±0.84)D,高度近视平均(-7.43±1.29)D;正视平均(-0.12±0.27)D,远视平均(1.98±1.67)D。3.初小、高小、初中、高中4个阶段平均屈光度依次年增长近视为-0.12D、-0.12D、-0.56D、-0.09D;小学阶段、中学阶段平均屈光度依次年增长近视为-0.16D、-0.67D;7～18岁间平均年增长近视为-0.22D。结论12个年级中,7岁平均屈光度已呈近视化,高中3年级(18岁)平均屈光度已呈中度近视改变;在初小、高小、初中、高中4个阶段不同屈光状态的构成比的变化:高中度近视逐渐增加,正视、远视逐渐下降;整个中小学阶段呈逐年上升趋势,阶段跳跃式发展,学生的屈光度在高小、特别是初三年级有明显的近视化,在高三年级有继续向近视发展的趋势;女生的近视进展趋势均高于男生,右眼在近视化进展高于左眼。各年级屈光近视化增长在初1和高1、2有2个回退,而在小4、5,初3和高3有3个递增。应针对中小学各年级学生这一人群的眼屈光状态,采取综合手段进行医疗干预。
Objective To abtain the basic data of eyes＇ refractive status, especially the myopia prevalence of school students in Xi＇an city. Methods The cross - sectional study was conducted in the whole students of 4 Xi＇an city primary and middle schools. The object ophthalmic examinations were done on all participants which included non - cycloplegic objective refraction, visual acuity, ocular pressure, fundus evaluation by special trained ophthalmologists and nurses. The special designed inventory scale was filled in and inut special computer programme, then the data were statistically analyzed with SPSS 11.0. Results 1. In the 5757 students of 11514 eyes, the ages among 7 ± 18 years, the detective rate of myopia was 81.4%, 48% at age 7, 84% at age 13, 95% at age 15 and 18, including low myopia 51.6%, moderate myopia 24. 5%, high myopia 5.3%, emmetropia 15. 1%, hypermetropia 3.5%. Among 12 grades, the constituents of high and moderate myopia groups were significantly increased with the age＇ growing, from 0. 8, 8.2% to 7.7, 31.8%, the emmetropia and hypermetropia, decreased from 40. 5, 4. 8% to 3.8, 2.2%, the low myopia kept stable between 41.7 - 57. 9%. 2. The average diopter of spherical equivalent refraction was （ -2. 25 ±2. 15） D, in which, low myo- pia （-1.64±0.73） D, moderate myopia （-4.31 ±0.84） D, high myopia （-7.43±1.29） D. Among4 stages, the junior primary （7～9 years old）＇ （-1.02±1.48） D, the senior primary （10～12 years old）＇ （ - 1.67 ±1.67） D, the junior middle （ 13 - 15 years old）＇ （ -2. 39 ±2. 10） D, the senior middle （ 16 - 18 years old）＇ （ -3.39 ±2. 34） D, the mopic progression diopters per year were -0. 12D, -0. 12D, -0. 56D, -0. 09D by sequence. The primary school pupils＇ average diopter was （ - 1.32 ± 1.60） D, the middle school students＇ （ -2. 76 ±2. 24） D; the average diopters of mopic progression per year were -0. 16D, -0. 67D separately, the average mopic progression diopter during 12 years （between 7 - 18 years old） was -0. 22D. There were significant differences among the groups （ P = 0. 000）. 3. The degrees of myopia in girls which was （ - 2.38±2. 17） D and right eyes, （ -2.33±2. 13） D were significantly higher than in boys, （ -2. 13±2. 12） D （P=0.000） and left eyes , （-2.17±2.18） D （P=0.009） respectively. Conclusions The students＇ spherical equivalent refraction among ages 7 to 18 years showed that myopic change began at age 7 and keep progression till age 18. And the severity of myopia kept increasing. There were 2 two regressions at age 13 （the 1^at year of junior middle school） and ages 16 to 17 （the 1^at and 2^nd years of senior middle school）, and three defi nite progressions at ages 10 to 11 （high primary school）, age 15 （the 3^rd junior middle school） and age 18 （the 3^rd senior middle school）, especially at 15 year-old. And girl and right eye showed significant differences at early stages of the myopic progression. These may indicate thatmyopia might be retarded if the medical inter- ventions were performed at the each points of regressions and progressions.
出处
《中国实用眼科杂志》
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第2期203-207,共5页
Chinese Journal of Practical Ophthalmology
基金
西安市科技局社会发展基金资助项目(SF20031)
关键词
中小学生
动态屈光状态
等效球镜
近视眼检出率
流行病学
横断面调查
Schoolchildren
Dynamic refractive status
Spherical equivalent refraction myopiaprevalence
Epidemiology
Cross - sectional survey
