摘要
黔西南是中国最先发现卡林型金矿的地区，迄今，产地已扩大到黔、桂、滇三省毗邻区的“黔—桂—滇金三角”，面积达１０万平方公里左右，致使该区成为中国重要的黄金产区之一。近年来，区内又发现了具重要经济价值的岩溶塌陷成因的红土型金矿。本文概要地介绍了两种类型金矿的地质特征，在此基础上着重阐述了作者的如下观点：①右江盆地的存在是本区金矿成矿定位的决定性因素，盆地的形成与演化为含矿热液的孕育提供了热、水、矿“三源”，盆地的边缘断裂是成矿热液释放的主要通道，故尔在右江盆地与扬子地台的衔接带成矿。②原生金矿的成矿深度很大，下限超过成矿时古地面以下４０００ｍ，应重视深部找矿。③矿床的产出，从表观上看，与一定的构造、层位、岩相和岩性有关，但层位和岩相对矿床的控制仅是表观的，构造和岩性的控制才是本质的，即背斜和穹窿核部具多次活动的断裂和富合同生黄铁矿的细碎屑岩复合控矿。④构成成矿热液的流体主要是盆地中的沉积建造水，包括封存水和热脱水，只是在与金的沉淀并无直接联系的热液活动晚期，才明显地有大气水介入。⑤容矿岩石中原有的草毒状同生黄铁矿的存在是导致金从溶液中淀出的重要原因；同生黄铁矿的吸附和还原是金的主要沉淀方式；具同生黄铁矿内核和富?
The Carlin-type gold deposits of China were firstly discovered in Southwest Guizhou Province in 1987. So far,a lot of similar deposits (some with a tens of tonnage, such as Lannigou, Zimudang etc. deposits) and occurrences have continuously been found in the area, and the re non with prospect has been expandd into an area of about 100 thousand km2, called 'Golden Triangle in Southwest China', including the joint between Southwest Guizhou,Northwest Guangxi and Southeast Yunnan provinces. Recently, a new type of karst delapsional latentic gold deposit related to Carlin type in genesis was found, making the area as an important place of gold production in China. In this paper, the authors have outlined the main features of the two kinds of gold deposits and, based on these, have expounded their viewpoints on some problems associated with the deposits as follows: 1. The occurence of Youjiang basin is a key to mineralization and location of the gold deposits in Southwest Guizhou; 2.There is a large depth of potential mineralization and a great attention should be paid to ore-search in depth; 3. The formation water,including the thermodehydration water, was the main source water making up the mineralizing fluid, and the meteoric water was not introduced until the late stage of the metallogenesis which was not associated with the deposition of gold; 4. Apparently, the gold deposits are controlled by certain structure,lithology, horizon and factes, but only the structure and lithology are essential, and the horizon and factes are apparent.And an emhpasis has been given to the control of compounding of the structure and lithology to the gold mineralization 5. The existence of framboidal syngenetic pyrites in protolith was an important factor to lead to the gold deposition from the mineralizing fluid, and the absorption and reduction of the syngenetic pyrites to gold was a major way of the deposition of gold, because of common existence of the pyrites, each of which has a nucleus consisting of syngenetic framboidal pyrite and a coating composed of hydrothermal pyrite rich in An and As; 6. the latentic gold deposit is a derivative of the Carlin type gold deposit, i. e.the primary Carlin type gold deposit was caved in thanks to the intensive karstification of the underlying carbonate rocks and then was intensively lateritized during the Shanpen stage,finally, the latentic gold deposit formed. So, there is a relationship of coexistence regionally and of flux and reflux in ore-hosting space between them. The metallogenetic model for the gold deposits of Southwest Guizhou was established at the end of the paper.
出处
《贵州地质》
1996年第2期146-153,共8页
Guizhou Geology
