摘要
自20世纪80年代中期以来,中国的出生性别比持续攀升。由于该现象发生在现行的生育政策推行以后,所以政策被认为是造成或加剧性别比偏高的主要原因之一。然而,直接衡量生育政策,并探讨它对出生性别比影响的研究十分缺乏。本文使用“中国健康和营养调查”(1989-2000)数据,分析生育政策的地区差异与社区层次儿童性别比之间的关系。结果显示,在其它条件相同的情况下,趋于平衡的性别比更可能在政策被严格推行的地点和时间出现;政策的性别特征激化儿童性别比,但政策仅仅作用于第二胎。因此,在夫妻控制子女性别的能力超过控制子女数量的能力、在部分人群尚不能同等对待男性胎儿和女性胎儿的时候,若要获得相对平衡的出生性别比,政府必须完善现行的生育政策,并对人们的生育行为进行行政干预。
High sex ratio of children in China has been observed since the mid- 1980s,and the one- child policy has been suggested as a cause. Using CHNS data(1989 - 2000)and highlighting local variations in policy rules and enforcement 1 find that (1) a strict policy(both policy rule and enforcement)reduces sex ratio of children, while a girl- exception policy contributes to excessive boys, and(2) shifting from a strict policy into a girl - exception policy exacerbates, while shifting into a stronger enforcement alleviates, sex ratio. Thus more balanced sex ratio of children is achieved in places where and at times when the policy is enforced more strictly. However, policy effect is contingent on parity, and it is the gendered nature of the policy that generates excessive boys. Findings suggest that in settings where couple's ability to control the ideal number of children, external pressurcs should be adopted to reduce son proclivity and sex ratio of children.
出处
《人口研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2006年第3期30-41,共12页
Population Research
关键词
生育政策
儿童性别比
性别偏好
固定效果模型
Fertility policy
Child sex ratio
Sex preference
Fixed effect models.