摘要
目的:分析精神发育迟滞儿童父母的心理健康状况、主要影响因素和干预现状。资料来源:检索PubMed1998-01/2005-10与精神发育迟滞儿童的父母心理健康状况相关文章,检索词“mentalpetardation,parents”,并限定文章语言种类为英语。同时检索CNKI1994-01/2005-10与精神发育迟滞儿童的父母心理健康状况相关的文章,检索词“精神发育迟滞,父母,智力残疾”。资料选择:对资料进行初审,选择与精神发育迟滞儿童的父母心理健康状况、主要影响因素和干预现状相关的文献。资料提炼:共收集到54篇关于与精神发育迟滞儿童的父母心理健康状况、主要影响因素和干预现状相关的文献,36个实验或临床研究符合纳入标准。排除的18篇为重复性研究。资料综合:关于精神发育迟滞儿童父母的心理状况主要存在3种观点:第1种观点认为精神发育迟滞儿童的父母养育压力大,普遍存在心理健康问题。第2种观点认为,精神发育迟滞儿童父母的心理健康问题与正常儿童的父母没有明显差异。第3种持长期观点的研究者认为,孩子诊断为精神发育迟滞时,父母表现为抑郁,感到养育压力大,经过长期的调整,他们由消极到积极,欣然接受儿童,抑郁随时间的推移而下降,多数获得满意的调节。精神发育迟滞儿童的行为问题、残疾的严重程度、家庭支持和不健全的家庭功能、社会支持等是影响精神发育迟滞儿童的父母心理健康的主要因素,而且精神发育迟滞儿童的家庭经济状况较差。社会支持服务、群体干预、同伴教育模式以及对精神发育迟滞儿童行为的干预等方法对改善精神发育迟滞儿童的父母的情绪有一定的效果。结论:影响精神发育迟滞儿童父母的情绪因素是多方面,过程是复杂的,不同的模式导致不同的结果,需要用多种测验方法来正确描述这一复杂的反应。同时也需要更多的研究和临床工作来加强对精神发育迟滞儿童父母压力干预的基础证据研究。
OBJECTIVE： To analyze the psychologic health status, mainly influential factors and intervention conditions of parents of children with mental retardation.
DATA SOURCES＂ To retrieve relative English articles published from January 1998 to October 2005 in PubMed about psychologic condition of parents of children with mental retardation using the key words of ＂mental petardation,parents＂, and Chinese articles in CNKI from January 1994 to October 2005 with the key words of ＂mental retardation, parents, intellectual disablitily＂.
STUDY SELECTION： Having been looked through primarily, articles related to the parents psychologic health status, mainly influential factors and intervention conditions of parents with mental retardation were selected.
DATA EXTRACTION： Totally 54 articles of the parents＇ psychologic health status, mainly influential factors and intervention conditions of parents with mental retardation, and 36 experiments or clinical researches were accorded with inclusive criterion. A total of 18 articles of repetitive research were excluded.
DATA SYNTHESIS： There were three kinds of opinions about psychologic condition of parents of children with mental retardation. The first opinion was that parents of children with mental retardation generally had mental health problems with more parental pressure. The second opinion suggested that there was no significant difference between parents of children with and without mental retardation on mental health problems. The third opinion insisted by researchers on a long-term view that the parents of children with mental retardation presented depression and felt more parental pressure when their children diagnosed as mental retardation, but after making satisfactory adjustment in a long time they were getting active instead of passive to accept their children with mental retardation, and depression decreased when time goes by. Behavior problem of children with mental retardation, disability extent, family＇s support and family dysfunction and social support were the main influence factors of parents＇ mental health condition of children with mental retardation. Meanwhile the families of children with mental retardation were usually in more disadvantaged economical situation. And the interventional method such as social support service, group intervention, partner education model and intervention towards children with mental retardation, might improve the parents＇ emotional condition of children with mental retardation.
CONCLUSION： Parents＇ emotional condition of children with mental retardation are effected by many different factors and complex process, different model lead to various results, which indicate that different test methods should be used to describe these reactions. At the same time, more researches and clinic work should be carried on to enhance the fundamental evidence researches to strength pressure intervention for parents having children with mental retardation.
出处
《中国临床康复》
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第38期123-125,共3页
Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation
