摘要
探讨长江口生物资源可持续利用和对生物栖息环境的保护措施,2004年对长江口海域的基础生物资源进行4次监测。结果表明:浮游植物5月份有5门39属86种,8月份有6门48属139种,河口锋附近水域的浮游植物种类、数量较多,中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)在数量上处于绝对优势;浮游动物5月份为77种,8月份为91种,中小型浮游动物的数量在河口锋附近水域较高,主要优势种有针刺拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus aculeatus)等,大型浮游动物种类数量较高的区域位于长江冲淡水以外的海域,主要优势种为中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)、五角水母(Muggiaea atlantica)、真刺唇角水蚤(Labidocera euchaeta);2004年共鉴定底栖生物146种,5月份63种,8月份108种,其中多毛类41种、甲壳类41种、软体动物32种、棘皮动物6种、鱼类21种、其他4种;长江口沿岸的崇明东滩、南汇边滩和嵊山岛共鉴定潮间带生物126种,其中5月份86种,8月份71种;鱼卵仔鱼计8目20科30属34种,鱼卵中绝大部分为凤鲚,其数量占95.7%,仔鱼以中华小公鱼出现频次最多。通过年际变化分析表明,长江口门以内区域浮游生物种类明显下降,长江冲淡水区域的生物资源基础饵料生物种类数基本保持稳定,浮游生物群落结构发生变化,硅藻比重减少,甲藻增加,长江口区域的潮下带和潮间带底栖生物种类数也存在不同程度的下降,以口门以内区域下降明显。
According to the seasonal ecological monitoring in 2004 in the Changjiang estuary by the State Oceanic Administration, the basic biological resources are follows： phytoplankton 39 Genus 86 species in May and 48 genus 139 species in August respectively, with more species in the Changjiang front and the dominant species is Skeletonema costatum ; Zooplankton 77 species in May and 91 species in August. The species of mesozooplankton including Paracalanus aculeatus are abundant in the front and the species of macro-zooplankton including Calanus sinicus are abundant out of the dilute front. There are 146 benthos including 41 Polychaete, 41 Crustacea, 32 Mollusca, 6 Echinodermata and 21 fishes. There are 126 species of benthos in Chongming wetland, Nanhui wetland along the Changjiang estuary and Shenshan Island on the front of the dilute water. Fish eggs and fish fry 30 genus 34 species; 95.7% of the fish eggs belong to Coilia mystus and most of the fish fry belong to Anchoviella chinensis and Coilia mystus. The variation tendency of the species number of plankton and benthos during the last decades indicates that the species number of plankton is reduced in the Changjiang estuary, especially along the shore. The proportion of diatom is reduced and that of dinoflagellates is increased contrarily. Both the numbers of benthos species on the intertidal zone and subtidal zone are decreased dramatically, especially in the sea area with various human activities. It is essential to protect the habitat for the sustainable utilization of the biological resources in the Changjiang estuary.
出处
《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第5期821-828,共8页
Periodical of Ocean University of China
基金
国家海洋局近岸海域生态环境重点实验室开放基金项目(200434)
长三角联合攻关项目(042358104)资助
关键词
长江口
基础生物资源
变化趋势
Changjiang estuary
basic biological resources
tendency of variation
