摘要
综述了植物群落的多样性和可入侵性关系的研究进展.对模型研究、观察性研究和实验性研究得出植物群落的多样性和可入侵性关系不同结论的原因进行了分析,并提出了该方面进一步研究的建议.模型研究的群落多样性形成机制单一、群落状态达到平衡、物种特征差异不明显等简化前提假设,削弱了其结论的可信性.观察性研究的尺度不同导致不同结论,在小尺度上的主要影响因素可能是群落内部的生物因素,但在较大尺度上很多外部因素共同影响多样性和可入侵性,会导致两者出现正相关.实验性研究通常是在小尺度下进行,排除了外部因素的干扰,但是在人工组建群落多样性梯度时,会出现取样效应、相同物种多样性的群落丰富度和密度不同等问题.未来研究应重点考虑的几个方面,即观察性研究与实验相结合,分析不同尺度上入侵的机理和过程;平衡实验设计,避免抽样效应等误来源;模型与实验设计相耦合.
This paper reviewed the theoretical, observational, and experimental studies on the relationships between biodiversity and invasiveness within plant communities. The contradictory conclusions made from these studies were summarized and analyzed, and suggestions were put forward to improve future researches. In theoretical studies, models were highly simplified and depended on unrealistic assumptions, e. g. , single mechanism of biodiversity formation, balance between communities status, and similar characters of alien and native species, which limited the credibility of research conclusions. Most of the observational studies were not directly exploring the relationships between biodiversity and invasiveness, but inferring from invasion patterns occurred in nature. Different research scales always resulted in contradictory conclusions. In small-scale research where some biotic factors dominated species interaction, the relationships between biodiversity and invasiveness might be negative, while in larger-scale research, other co-varying extrinsic factors might override those biotic factors in small-scale research, and the relationships between biodiversity and invasiveness might be positive. Although most experimental studies were conducted in small scale and extrinsic influences were ruled out, some mistakes might still happen when constructing biodiversity gradients in the experimental communities. Among these mistakes, sampling effect was the most common one, and the others included building communities with same species abundance but varying richness and density. Some suggestions were put forward on improving the study of the relationships between biodiversity and invasiveness in plant communities. In future researches, we should integrate observational study with experimental study, pay more attention to research scale, avoid sampling effect, and couple model with experimental design.
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第7期1338-1343,共6页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
北京市教委科技项目(GJSYS100220402)
中国科学院知识创新工程重大资助项目(KSCX1-SW-13-03)
关键词
群落可入侵性
物种多样性
植物群落
丰富度假说
取样效应
Invasiveness, Species diversity, plant community, Richness hypothesis, Sampling effect.
