摘要
水土资源匹配系数(Ri),是指表征特定区域农业生产可供水资源与耕地资源在时空上适宜匹配的量比关系。依据东北地区1997-2002年土地利用、水资源和人口数据,从水土资源总量及其匹配的动态分析入手,构建了农业水土资源匹配分析模型。模拟分析表明:东北地区农业水土资源匹配欠佳且区内差异较大,占全国16．68％的耕地面积仅拥有占全国4．01％的水资源量,水土匹配系数为1．153,低于全同平均水平(1．441)。根据市域尺度Ri值的差异性,将东北农业水土资源的匹配程度划分为匹配较优、良好、一般、较差和极差等5个等级。区域水利工程建设,是增强水土资源匹配程度的根本途径,东北农田水利重在“北水南调”等大型骨干工程与中小水利工程的配套建设,重视发展井渠结合、节水高效的现代灌溉农业。
Northeast China is an important base to the national food security. There are more problems in achieving optimal allocation of land and water resources as well as sustainable utilization. At present water resources shortage and land degradation are the two most important factors restricting agricultural sustainable development in Northeast China. Improving the matching degree of land and water resources and guaranteeing supplement level of irrigated water resources have becoming long-term goals to promote the high-efficient utilization of agricultural resources and upgrade the comprehensive productivity of food. The matching coefficient of land and water resources （Ri）, which is an indicator to reflect the proportion of water supply and cultivated land resources in spatio-temporal scale in a specific zone. The purpose of using this indicator is to investigate the balance between water supply and land resources in temporal and spatial distributions and their corresponding matching degree. Based on the dynamic analysis of gross land and water resources and their matching degree in Northeast China, this paper establishes a matching model of agricultural water and land resources. Simulation analyses indicate that the matching degree of land and water resources in Northeast China is not as good as expected, and there are distinct differences among this region. Northeast China, which possesses 16.68% of the total cultivated land in the whole country, only takes up 4.01% of the total water resources. In average, the per capita cultivated land in Northeast China is 0.309 hm^2, three times that of the whole country. However, the per capita water resource in Northeast China is 1042 m^3, which is only 47.7% of the whole country. The matching coefficient is 1.153, which is lower than the whole country （1.441）. According to different values of Ri, the matching degree of water and land resources in Northeast China is classified into 5 grades： excellent （0.73 〈 Ri ≤ 11.73）, better （0.23 〈 Ri ≤ 0.73）, moderate （0.16 〈 Ri ≤ 0.23）, worse （0.13 ≤ Ri ≤ 0.16） and worst （0 〈 Ri 〈 0.13）. Accordingly, the basic approach of enhancing the matching degree of land and water resources is to construct water conservancy projects in Northeast China. Attention should be paid to large-scale water transportation projects like ＂North to South Water Transfer Project＂, supplemented by midium- and small-scale water conservancy projects. Moreover, development of high-efficiency, water-saving modem agriculture with well-trench irrigation system should be strengthened as well.
出处
《地理学报》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第8期847-854,共8页
Acta Geographica Sinica
基金
国家重点基础研究计划(2006CB400505)
国家自然科学基金项目(40171007)
中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KZCX1-SW-19-01-03)
关键词
水土资源
匹配系数
空间差异
灌溉农业
中国东北地区
land and water resources
matching coefficient
spatial differences
irrigation agriculture
Northeast China
