摘要
晚明松江士人陈继儒绝意科举,以坐馆谋生。晚年获得官宦资助,得以隐居山野,尽管与山人具有一定的相似性,但始终不游走谋利,在明人眼中基本是名士,甚少以之为山人。然至清代,却被视为山人。从表面看,这是因乾隆时期蒋士铨夸大了陈继儒世俗功利的一面,《四库全书总目提要》又夸大了陈继儒隐逸山泽、忘却忧患的一面,但深层原因却是明清易代的政权更迭所催动的在野士人经世空间与学风、文风的巨大转变。这一事实不仅在一定程度上反映了清朝国家控制力加强与士人社会地位下降的历史趋势,而且反映出历史记忆与其他因素密切相关,具有因时而变的特点。
Chen Jiru, born in Songjiang in late Ming Dynasty, was determined to quit imperial examinations. In order to make a living, he remained a tutor in the literati and officialdom＇s families before his late years. After that, he acquired officialdom＇s economy subsidizes and lived a recluse life. Although during this period, he was like to a certain degree Shanren, he never traveled throughout the country for acquiring the economy subsidizes. Scholars rarely called Chen Jiru a Shanren in late Ming Dynasty. Apparently, Chen Jiru was called a Shanren because Jiang Shiquan of Qianlong pe riod exaggerated Chen Jiru＇s common utility characteristics, and Si Ku Quan Shu Zong Mu Ti Yao exaggerated his recluse characteristics, but the deep reason is the dramatic changes that took place in the course of change of regime, which brought about the change in method of chronology, style of writing, etc. The fact reflected not only the historical tendency that scholars＇ social status was gradually reducing, but also that historical memory is related to the other social facts and changes in the different periods.
出处
《史学月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2007年第4期22-28,共7页
Journal of Historical Science
关键词
陈继儒
山人
小品文
经世
文以载道
王朝更代
历史记忆
Chen Jiru
Shanren
familiar essays
jing-shi
stranding for Confucianism as the core of literature
change of regime
historical memory
