摘要
综述植物在冷驯化过程中发生的一系列生理生化变化。环境对植物抗寒性的影响主要与光诱导、温湿度以及气候的变化有关。植物表面形成冰层会引起植物的无氧呼吸,导致植物受害;光抑制诱导活性氧的产生,从而导致植物光合系统的退化,抗寒能力下降,而短日照诱导植物休眠,有利于植物抗寒。光敏色素则被认为是启动冷驯化的光受体;植物通过冷驯化增加碳水化合物的积累及病原体相关蛋白的合成,以增强对低温病原体的抵抗能力;气候的变化使植物遭受了更大的冷伤害风险。微管最初遇冷时部分的解体可以有效诱导植物抗寒性;抗氧化酶活性增强,植物体内糖、脯氨酸、多胺等内含物含量上升。植物休眠状态中的生理变化(种子的休眠、芽的休眠)与ABA敏感性的差异有关。对植物抗寒性分子机制的研究表明:COR基因的表达对于植物抗寒性和冷驯化是十分关键的;与气候梯度有关的基因梯度的分布说明寒冷地区的树种更为抗寒;多表型性状的数量性状分析,为重要的农艺性状标记辅助选择(MAS)提供基础。对植物抗寒过程中的信号转导进行研究发现,Ca2+是低温下参与调节冷驯化应答机制中信号转导途径的重要的第二信使。未来植物抗寒领域的研究热点为信号转导和基因调节,低温抗性的遗传学和遗传应用及代谢组学,气候变化对于植物抗寒的影响等方面。
Chilling injury is one of the ecological factors causing environmental stress in plants. Exploring the physiological and ecological mechanisms of cold tolerance in plants can understand how plants grow at low temperature, which has important meaning in theory and practice. At present, study on cold tolerance in plants focuses on physiology, genes, and relationship between plants and environment and so on. This article reviews the physiological and ecological response of plants to low temperature during cold acclimation. Overwintering plants encased in ice can be exposed to anaerobic conditions and suffer phytotoxicity. Photoinhibition induced the increase of reactive oxygen species （ROS）, causing the degradation of photosystems, which is unfavorable for cold hardiness of plants. Short days induce dormancy in plants, resulting in a increase in cold hardiness of plants. Phytochrome has been considered to be the photoreceptor responsible for triggering the initiation of the first stage of cold acclimation. The accumulation of carbohydrates and pathogenesis-related proteins enhances the resistance of plants to lowtemperature pathogens. Scientists predict that plants will suffer greater risk of low-temperature damage with the changes in climate. An initial partial disassembly of microtubles is sufficient to trigger efficient cold acclimation. The adaptation of plants to cold also associates with the increased levels of antioxidants enzymes, sugar, proline, polymines and so on. Changes in dormancy status are more likely related to changes in ABA sensitivity than to variations in ABA levels. The expression of COR （ cold responsive） genes is critical in plants for both chilling tolerance and cold acclimation. Genotypes from colder environments have greater cold hardiness in situ than those from milder environments. The QTL analysis of multiple phenotypic traits provides the basis for marker assisted selection （MAS） of important agronomic characters. Calcium is an important second messenger in a low temperature signal transduction pathway involved in regulation of cold-acclimation response. Signal transduction, gene regulation, genetics, metabolomics, and climate change affecting the plant survival are important aspects in the future study of cold tolerance in plants.
出处
《林业科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第4期88-94,共7页
Scientia Silvae Sinicae
基金
广东省林业局项目(4400-F02084
4400-F05004)
关键词
植物
环境
抗寒
生理
分子机制
plants
environment
cold tolerance
physiology
molecular mechanism
