摘要
在当代中国乡村,土地集体所有制的主要道义目标是为9亿农民提供生存保障。然而,由于大多数村庄的人均耕地维持不了一位村民的生计,若要依靠集体土地为村民提供生存保障,土地的收益就不能在村民中平分,而应优先用于村庄内部的扶危济困。但是,村民是否同意这样做,依赖于村庄领导人是否为村民所信任。如果没有这样的领导人,村民只好放弃对生存保障的要求,转向要求平分集体土地的使用权和收益权。在现行乡村政治格局中,一个村庄要出现这样的领导人,是可遇而不可求的偶然事件。因此,在大多数村庄,土地集体所有制只能实现均平目标,不能真正保障村民的生存安全。
In the contemporary China,the collective ownership of rural land is morally aimed at providing survival security for 900 million peasants.Nevertheless,since in most villages the cultivated land per person could not sustain himself,whether villagers can obtain basic existence security from collective land depends on whether the village leader is a dependable capital trustee for villagers,and whether he holds the desire of helping the villagers deal with their existence security.Without leaders like this,villagers have to give up their claim for existence security,and claim for the equal right to use and derive benefit from village land instead.However,under current political structures of the villages,it's hard to meet such a leader.Therefore,in the majority of villages,it's impossible for the collective ownership of land to guarantee the security of villagers' existence indeed.
出处
《社会学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2007年第3期18-38,共21页
Sociological Studies
