摘要
严重烧伤后虽然给予了及时的复苏,但缺血缺氧损害仍难以避免。究其原因:一是烧伤后血液灌流不足,除了毛细血管通透性增加使有效血容量减少外,是否还有别的启动因素参与尚不清楚;二是细胞病理性缺氧的机制未明了。研究表明,严重烧伤后,在毛细血管通透性增加、血容量显著下降之前,心肌即发生了缺血缺氧损害和心功能减退。这种伤后早期出现的心肌损害及心脏泵血功能减弱,不仅易引起心功能不全,还可诱发或加重休克,成为烧伤后早期机体缺血缺氧的重要启动因素之一。为此,我们提出了烧伤后早期缺血缺氧损害的“休克心”学说。引起严重烧伤后心肌损害和功能减退的机制主要是:心肌自身的肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)激活,导致早期心肌缺血缺氧;烧伤后血液成分的改变致红细胞膜黏弹性改变,心肌局部血流量减少;心肌细胞膜受体β肾上腺素受体(β-AR)介导的信号转导系统及“分子开关”——兴奋性乌核苷耦联蛋白α亚基(Gsα)/抑制性乌核苷耦联蛋白α亚基(Giα)的变化导致心功能受抑制;线粒体损伤导致能量生成减少或凋亡途径被激活;促炎性因子表达上调和炎性反应信号通路的激活;细胞骨架受损等。近年来,针对上述发生机制,对心肌损害的防治进行了探讨。
Myocardial damage and decrease in bloodpumping function, which occur immediately after severe burns, not only lead to cardiac insufficiency, but also induce or exacerbate burn shock, constituting one of the initiating factors for visceral ischemic/hypoxic damage. Therefore, prompt and effective prevention and treatment of myocardial damage are important for resuscitation of burn patients with severe burns, especially in those whose hospitalization is delayed. In this review, the potential clinical strategies including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, modulation of β-AR-mediated signal transduction and the "molecular switch Gsα/Giα", modulation of ion channels, the control of NO donor, the use of anti-inflammatory agents, and antioxidants, and energy metabolic modulation are introduced in details.
出处
《中华烧伤杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第3期161-163,共3页
Chinese Journal of Burns
关键词
烧伤
心肌缺血
缺氧
防治
Burns
Myocardium ischemia
Hypoxia
Management