2Foster RH, Markham A. Levobupivaeaine: a review of its pharmacology and use as a local Anaesthetic. Drugs, 2000, 59:551-579.
3Thomas JM, Schug SA. Recent advances in the pharmacokinetics of local anaesthetics. Long-acting amide enantiomers and continuous infusions. Clin Pharmaeokinet, 1999,36: 67-83.
4Alley EA, Kopacz DJ, McDonald SB, et al. Hyperbaric spinal levobupivacaine: a comparison to racemic bupivacaine in volunteers. Anesth Analg, 2002, 94:188-193.
5Glaser C, Marhofer P, Zimpfer G, et al. Levobupivaeaine versus racemie bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia. Anesth Analg, 2002,94:194-198.
6Burke D, Kennedy S, Bannister J. Spinal anesthesia with 0.5,%S (-)-bupivaeaine for elective lower limb surgery. Reg Anesth Pain Med, 1999,24: 519-523.
7Kokki H, Ylonen P, Heikkinen M, et al, Levobupivacaine for pediatric spinal anesthesia. Anesth Analg,2004,98:64-67.
8Cox CR,Faccenda KA,Gilhooly C,et al.Extradural S(-)-bupivacaine:comparison with racemic RS-bupivacaine[].British Journal of Anaesthesia.1998
9Casati A,Santorsola R,Aldegheri G,et al.Intraoperative epiduralanesthesia and postoperative analgesia with levobupivacaine for majororthopedic surgery: a double-blind, randomized comparison of racemicbupivacaine and ropivacaine[].Journal of Clinical Anesthesia.2003
10Clarkson CW,Hondeghem LM.Mechanism for bupivacaine depression ofcardiac conduction: fast block of sodium channels during the actionpotential with slow recovery from the block during diastole[].Anesthesiology.1985
3Soni AK, Sarna MC, Miler CG, et al. Low dose intrathecal ropivacaine and sufentanil is safe and dose not impair motor strength [ J ]. Anesthasiology, 1997,87 : A909
4Vladimirov M, Nan C, Mok WM, et al. Potency of bupivacaine stereoisomers tested in vitro and in vivo:biochemical, electrophysiological, and neurobehavioral studies [ J ]. Anesthesiology, 2000, 93:744-755
5Gambling DR, Shanma SK, Ramin SM, et al. A randomized study of combined spinal-epidural analgesia versus intravenous meperidine during labor: impact on cesarean delinery rate [ J ]. Anesthesiology, 1998,89 : 1336-1344
6Fung BK. Continuous epidural analgesia for painless labor does not increase the incidence of cesarean delivery [ J ]. Acta Anaesthesiol Sin, 2000,38 : 79-84