摘要
通过对闽江中上游流域福建省内的25个县(市)的农业面源污染源,包括:生活污染、人粪尿、农村固体废物及生活垃圾、化肥、畜禽养殖、农田养分流失、村镇地表径流、水产养殖等进行调查,并采用等标排放量进行评价,结果显示:(1)2005年全年排放入水环境的CODC r、TN和TP分别为102050.5、66578.56和20712.41 t,各占53.90%、35.16%和10.94%;总等标排放量为280 506.1×106m3,其中CODC r、TN和TP的等标排放量分别为6803.368×106、66578.55702×106和207124.1×106m3,污染率指数分别为1.64%、21.30%和77.07%,故磷和氮是该流域水体污染的主要污染物。污染率指数排在前3名的污染源为农田水土(养分)流失、水产养殖和畜禽粪尿,其污染率指数分别为45.78%、30.60%和11.29%,三者总和占全流域污染率的87.67%,是闽江中上游流域农业面源污染的主要污染源。(2)各县(市)间相比较,全年等标排放量以闽清县居第一位,达24 520.6×106m3,污染率指数为8.74%;浦城县和建瓯市次之,等标排放量分别达21968.64×106和20790.39×106m3,污染率指数为分别为7.83%和7.41%。不同县(市)的主要污染源有所不同,例如闽清县、屏南县、政和县等是以农田水土(养分)流失为主要污染源,泰宁县、邵武市等是以水产养殖为主要污染源,因此,不同县(市)在治理农业面源污染问题上应有所侧重。最后提出了闽江中上游流域农业面源污染的防治对策,主要包括:完善农业立法、强化经营管理措施,加强农化物质投入最小化技术研究,开展畜禽粪便多用途综合利用,发展生态农业和有机农业、提倡清洁生产、遏制农业面源污染,合理投放鱼饲料和药物、减少流失率。
Agricultural non - point source pollution （ including ： living contamination, human feces and urine, rural solid trash and living rubbish, chemical fertilizer, livestock and birds breed aquatics, farm nutrient loss, the earth g surface runoff from village and small town, aquicuhure, et al. ） from 25 counties in middle and upriver of Minjiang drainage area was surveyed and evaluated by the method of equivalent standard discharge amount in this paper. Results showed that ： （ 1 ） the total discharge amount of CODer ,TN and TP in 2005 was 102 050.5 t,66 578.56 t and 20 712.41 t, respectively, the total equivalent standard discharge amount was 280 506. 1×10^6m^3, and the pollution rate indexes of CODCr, TN and TP were 1. 64% ,21.30% and 77.07%, respectively. Therefore, P and N were the primary contaminations in this drainage area. Further more, the largest three pollution rate indexes of pollution sources were farm nutrient loss, aquicuhure, and livestock and birds＇feces＆urine, the percentages were 45.78% .30.60% and 11. 29% ,respectively. And the summation of these three kinds of pollution sources＇ pollution - rate - index was 87.67%, as a result, these three kinds of pollution sources were the primary pollution sources. （2） Among the 25 evaluated counties, the total equivalent standard discharge amount of Min Qing county in 2005 was 24 520. 6 ×10^6m^3, and its pollution rate index was 8.74% , reached the largest. And those of Pu Cheng and Jian Wo took the second and third place. Results also indicated that different counties had different kinds of primary pollution sources. For example, farm nutrient loss was the leading pollution source in Min Qing, Ping Nan and Zheng He, et al, and aquiculture was the leading one in Tai Ning and Shao Wu. Thereby, different counties should take vary measures to father agricultural non - point source pollution. Finally, prevention and cure countermeasures to control agricultural non - point source pollution in middle and upriver of Minjiang drainage area were put forward, those mainly included： perfecting agriculture legislation and intensifying management measures, strengthening research to technique of least devotion of agriculture chemical substance, developing all- purpose and synthetical use of dejection of livestock and birds, developing ecological agriculture and organic agriculture, advocating cleansing production and containing agricultural non - point source pollution, reasonably putting in fish feed and medication and reducing their losses rate.
出处
《农业环境科学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第B10期368-374,共7页
Journal of Agro-Environment Science
基金
福建省科技厅重点项目(2005Y009
2005YZ1001)
福建省农科院青年人才创新基金项目(闽农科院发[2006]157号)
关键词
闽江中上游流域
农业面源污染
调查评估
防治对策
middle and upriver of Minjiang drainage area
agricultural non -point source pollution
survey and evaluation
prevention and cure countermeasure
