摘要
在田间条件下研究了氮、磷、钾肥不同用量对花生叶片生理特性及产量品质的影响.结果表明:与不施肥处理相比,花生分别单独施用氮、磷、钾肥可提高叶片叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质含量和光合速率,增加SOD、POD和CAT活性,降低MDA积累量,以施N300～450kg.hm-2、施P5O2150～225kg.hm-2、施K2O300～450kg.hm-2的效果最显著;对叶片光合性能的改善,氮肥的作用主要在前期,磷在中后期,钾肥前后期比较一致.施肥可显著提高花生荚果产量,随施氮量的增加花生产量显著提高,施磷、钾肥以中等施肥量(P5O2150kg.hm-2、K2O300kg.hm-2)花生产量最高,钾肥的增产作用大于氮、磷肥.少量施用磷、钾肥(P2O575kg.hm-2、K2O150kg.hm-2)可显著增加花生籽仁蛋白质和脂肪含量,少量施用氮肥(N150kg.hm-2)可显著增加蛋白质含量,大量施用氮肥(N450kg.hm-2)才可显著增加脂肪含量;磷肥对提高籽仁蛋白质和脂肪含量效果明显,氮肥对增加蛋白质含量作用较大,钾肥主要提高了可溶性糖含量.施用氮、磷、钾肥可增加花生籽仁的赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和油酸、亚油酸含量,提高油酸/亚油酸比值,从而改善花生营养品质,延长花生制品的货价寿命.
The field experiment was executed with peanut cv. Fenghua No. 1 from 2004 to 2005 in the experimental station of Shandong Agricultural University to study the effects of N, P, K fertilizers application amount on physiological characteristics, yield and kernel quality of peanut. The results showed that, compared with no fertilization, application N, P, K fertilizers increased the content of chlorophyll and soluble protein, enhanced photosynthetic rate and the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, peroxidase （POD） and catlase （CAT）, and reduced malondialdeyde （MDA） accumulation amount in peanut leaves. The effects of applying N 300-450 kg·hm^-2, P5O2 150- 225 kg·hm^-2 and K2O 300-450 kg·hm^-2 treatments were the most significant. The improvement effect of N fertilizer on photosynthesis properties was mainly at early stage, and that of P was at middle-later stage, K was at whole stage. Applying N, P, K fertilizers increased the pod yield of peanut remarkably, and with the increasing of N application amount the pod yield enhanced, the pod yields were highest when P and K application were at middle amount rates （P5O2 150 kg·hm^-2, K2O 300 kg·hm^-2）. The increasing effect on pod yield of K fertilizer was greater than that of N and P fertilizers. Applying a small amount of P and K fertilizers （P2O5 75 kg·hm^-2, K2O 150 kg·hm^-2） could significantly increase the contents of fat and protein in peanut kernel, applying a small amount of N fertilizer （N 150 kg·hm^-2） could significantly increase the content of protein in peanut kernel, but applying a large amount of N fertilizer （ N 450 kg·hm^-2 ） could significantly increase the content of fat in peanut kernel. Applying P fertilizer obviously increased fat and protein content, applying N fertilizer mainly enhanced protein content, and applying K fertilizer mainly raised the content of soluble sugar. In addition, the application of N, P and K fertilizers also increased the contents of lysine and methionine which were inadequate in the protein fractions of peanut kernel, enhanced the contents of oleic acid and linoleic acid, raised the ratio of oleic acid to linoleic acid, improved nutritional quality of peanut, and pronged the shelf life of peanut products.
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第11期2468-2474,共7页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
国家"十五"科技攻关项目(2001BA507A-07)
国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD21B04-9)
山东省自然科学基金资助项目(Y2003D02).
关键词
花生
氮、磷、钾肥
生理特性
产量
品质
peanut
N, P and K fertilizer
physiological character
yield
quality
