摘要
我国华北地区湿地通常处于缺水状态。当湿地分别为"资源型缺水"和"水质型缺水"时,目前常用的几种生态需水量估算方法的适用范围是不同的。水量平衡法是较通用的方法;而水量损失法和最低水位法主要适用于资源型缺水;物质平衡法和逐年环境改良法则主要应用于污染型缺水的情况。针对不同的情况可以选取相应的估算方法。本文应用不同估算方法,对河北保定白洋淀湿地和北京顺义杨镇湿地的生态需水量进行了估算,通过估算结果间的比较,反映出白洋淀湿地面临的污染问题更严重,而杨镇湿地更亟需解决的是资源型缺水问题,使其补偿措施更有针对性,能更好地协调人与湿地生态环境间的关系。
Water shortage and water pollution are two problems of China＇ s wetlands in arid and semi-arid areas. Different estimating methods of ecological water demand should be used appropriately in the two cases. Water quantity balance method can be used in both of the two cases; water-loss quantity method and min water level method are suitable for the situation of water ment-changing-better-yearly method are suitable for shortage; otherwise, material balance method and environthe situation of water pollution. These methods are used to estimate the ecological water demand of Baiyangdian wetland and Yangzhen wetland. By comparing the results, Baiyangdian wetland was found to have worse pollution problems, and the Yangzhen wetland has to deal with the shortage of water. Suitable managements can well harmonize the relation between the people and wetlands ecosystem.
出处
《环境工程学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第11期112-118,共7页
Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering
基金
国家重点科技攻关课题(96-920-17-01)
关键词
湿地
生态需水量
资源型缺水
水质污染
估算方法
wetland
ecological water demand
water shortage
water pollution
estimating method
