摘要
[目的]探讨日照市远海作业渔民的心理卫生问题及其对心理健康水平的影响。[方法]选择部分远海作业渔民为调查组,以在港工作人员为对照组,采用一般情况调查表、SCL-90表、SDS表、SAS表、LES表、EPQ表、SSRS表、CSQ表、MMPI表和16PF表,对116名远海作业的渔民及42名海港工作人员进行测量。筛选有效问卷,调查组111份、对照组40份进行比较分析,并以111名渔民2次测量的SCL-90总分差值的均数为界限,将其分为心理卫生水平高变化组和低变化组,比较2组渔民的MMPI和16PF的测量结果。[结果]20.7%的远海作业渔民存在心理障碍,与对照组(10%)比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。远海作业渔民在远海作业前后心理健康水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或0.01),与对照组比较,其心理健康水平明显下降(P<0.05或0.01);LES总分和工作学习问题因子分高于对照组(P<0.01,P<0.05);EPQ神经质分量表分高于对照组(P<0.05);应对方式问卷的消极应对因子分高于对照组(P<0.05)。远海作业渔民的高变化组(55名)MMPI量表的Pa、Sc和Ma原始分高于56名低变化组(P<0.05);2组16PF量表各因子差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。[结论]远海作业可明显降低渔民的心理健康水平,有明显的心理障碍,具有MMPI量表Pa、Sc、Ma高分的远海作业渔民心理卫生水平降低较明显。
[Objective]To explore the problems of mental hygiene and the influencing factors among deep-sea fishermen. [Methods]Deep-sea fishermen were included in the study group, personnel working on seaport were in control group. General personal information questionnaire was made by the author. 116deep-sea fishermen and 42 working personnel on seaport were measured by using SCL-90, SDS, SAS, LES, EPQ, SSRS, CSQ, MMPI, and 16PF. 111 qualified questionnaires in study group and 40 qualified questionnaires in control group were analyzed and compared. The mean score of difference measured was used as standard,the 111 deep-sea fishermen were divided into two groups, great change group and little change group, their MMPI and 16PF scores were compared. [Results]20. 7% deep-sea fishermen were in abnormal status on mental hygiene,which was different significantly from control group （10%）（ P〈0. 05）. The level of mental hygiene of deep-sea fishermen after long voyage fishing was significant lower compared with before long voyage fishing in the study group（ P〈0.05 or 0.01） ,and was significantly different from the control group（ P〈0. 05 or 0. 01）. The total score of LES,factor score of leaning and working problem were higher in study group than that in control group （ P〈0.01 or P〈0. 05 respectively）. Nervousness score in EPQ, negative coping score in CSQ were higher in study group than in control group （ P〈0.05 respectively）. The raw scores of Pa,Scand Ma in MMPI scale of the fishermen in great change group（55men） were significantly higher compared with the fishermen in little change group（ P〈0. 05）. There was no difference of scores of 16PF factors between the two groups （ P〉0. 05）. [Conclusion]The level of mental hygiene of fishermen can be sharply decreased by long voyage working. They were in poor mental health, during deep-sea fishing, the level of mental hygiene of fishermen with higher Pa,Sc, Ma raw scores of MMPI were shown decreased significantly.
出处
《预防医学论坛》
2007年第12期1076-1080,共5页
Preventive Medicine Tribune
关键词
远海作业
渔民
心理卫生
Deep-sea fishing
Fisherman
Mental hygiene
