摘要
比较分析了广东省内伶仃岛薇甘菊未入侵群落、薇甘菊入侵群落、田野菟丝子刚寄生的薇甘菊入侵群落和田野菟丝子寄生3 a的薇甘菊入侵群落的土壤化学特性、微生物生物量碳氮磷及土壤酶活性的变化,旨在探讨薇甘菊入侵如何改变土壤特性及田野菟丝子的寄生如何改变薇甘菊入侵地土壤特性。薇甘菊入侵群落土壤的pH值(6.046)、有机碳(35.937 g.kg-1)、全氮(2.449 g.kg-1)、有机氮(2.383 g.kg-1)和氨态氮(0.051 g.kg-1)含量要显著地高于薇甘菊未入侵群落土壤(5.593,29.512g.kg-1,0.800 g.kg-1,0.722 g.kg-1,0.043 g.kg-1),而土壤硝态氮含量(0.015 g.kg-1)要显著地低于薇甘菊未入侵群落土壤(0.033 g.kg-1),土壤全磷和有效磷没有明显的差异;薇甘菊入侵群落土壤的微生物生物量碳、氮、磷、土壤酸性磷酸酶、脲酶和β-D-葡萄糖苷酶活性要显著地高于薇甘菊未入侵群落土壤。田野菟丝子寄生可以使薇甘菊入侵地的土壤pH值(5.634)、有机碳(27.225 g.kg-1)、全氮(1.836 g.kg-1)、有机氮(1.793 g.kg-1)和氨态氮(0.024 g.kg-1)含量显著性下降,对于全磷、有效磷和硝态氮则无明显影响;同时田野菟丝子寄生可以使土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷、土壤酸性磷酸酶、脲酶及β-D-葡萄糖苷酶活性显著下降,但改变后的土壤与未入侵地之间仍具有一定的差异。田野菟丝子寄生达3 a的薇甘菊入侵地的土壤总有机碳(35.719 g.kg-1)、全氮(2.356 g.kg-1)、有机氮(2.304 g.kg-1)和氨态氮(0.040 g.kg-1)含量相对于寄生早期显著增加,有机碳、全氮、有机氮等含量恢复到薇甘菊入侵地的水平,与未入侵地之间存在显著性差异;田野菟丝子寄生时间对土壤微生物生物量氮磷及土壤酸性磷酸酶和β-D-葡萄糖苷酶活性无显著性影响,但微生物生物量碳及脲酶活性显著升高,甚至超出薇甘菊入侵地。薇甘菊入侵可以改变土壤微生物生物量和酶活性,最终改变土壤化学特性,有利于其入侵;而田野菟丝子寄生可以打破土壤微生物生态系统的动态平衡,引起土壤微生物生物量和酶活性的改变,而最终又引起土壤化学特性的改变。此研究结果对于评价薇甘菊入侵的后果、田野菟丝子防治的可能机制及带来的后果具有重要的意义。
Mikania attention of ecologis micrantha H. B. K. （Asteraceae） seriously invading South China has been received considerable ts and environmental scientists. The vine Cuscuta campestris Yuncker which is able to parasitize M. micrantha is proposed to be a biological control agent for the invader. This study is aim at assessing influences of M. micrantha invasion on soil properties of the invaded communities and their modification due to C. campestris parasitizing the invader. The investigated soil properties were pH value, organic carbon, total nitrogen, organic nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen content, soil microbial biomass carbon, soil microbial nitrogen and soil microbial phosphorus, as well as soil enzyme activity. We investigated the soil properties through sampling in four plots located in Neilingding island, Guangdong Province, China, including those （ 1 ） not invaded by M. micrantha and without C. campestris （Pwu）, （2） invaded by M. micrantha and without C. campestris （Pw）, （3） invaded by M. micrantha and with C. campestris just parasitizing the invader （ PTW1 ）, and （4） invaded by M. micrantha a and with C. campestris parasitizing the invader for three years （ PTW3 ）.
In Pw, pH value, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, organic nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen of the soil all were significantly greater than in Pwu. However, soil nitrate nitrogen of Pw was significantly lower than that of Pwu. There was no difference in soil total phosphorus and soil available phosphorus between Pwu and Pw. The contents of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus of the soil microbial biomass as well as the activities of soil acid phorsphorase, soil ureases and soil β-Dglucosidase in Pw were significantly higher than those of Pwu. In PTwl, pH value, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, organic nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen of the soil were significantly lower than those in Pw, while the total phosphorus, available phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen of the soil were not affected by C. campestris parasitizing the invader. The parasitization could also decrease carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus of the soil microbial biomass as well as the activities of acid phorsphorase, ureases and β-D-glucosidase of the soil. But there was difference of them between PTW1 and Pw. Total organic carbon, total nitrogen, organic nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen of the soil of PTW3 were significantly higher than those of PTWl, which were close to those of Pw but different from those of Pwu. Soil microbial carbon and soil urease activity of PTW3 were significantly higher than those of PTW1, while there was no difference in nitrogen, phosphorus of soil microbial biomass, activities of soil acid phosphorase and soil β-D-glucosidase between PTW3 and PTW1.
From the results, it can be concluded that M. micrantha invasion can alter soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity of the invaded community, resuhing in change of the soil chemical properties. This may be one of the contributors to the facilitation of its invasion. In addition, the parasitization could disorder the below-ground microbial ecosystem through altering soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activity, resulting in change of the soil chemical properties as well. This helps understand the use of C. campestris in biological controlling of M. micrantha.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第2期868-876,共9页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家杰出青年科学基金资助项目(39825102)~~
关键词
薇甘菊
田野菟丝子
微生物生物量
土壤酶活性
Mikania micrantha H. B. K.
Cuscuta campestris Yuncker
soil microbial biomass
soil enzyme activity
