摘要
智能涂料是近几年在新型特种功能涂料基础上发展起来的。本文主要对其制备方法、类别及应用进行了详细论述。智能涂料的制备可以从聚合物膜、颜料及制作工艺等方面入手,其中创造具有"开关"性质且依赖于外部环境的刺激/响应聚合物膜的设计最为重要,它关系到膜的形成和膜表面性质,是涂料智能化的关键所在。在合成方法上,活性/可控自由基聚合技术、表面接枝技术和层层自组装工艺等已经应用于智能聚合物膜的制备;另外,纳米技术应用于涂料,也是智能涂料另一制备方法,因其某些超强性能而被视为智能涂料的初级阶段。目前,整个智能涂料的发展还基本处于以纳米技术为基础的初级阶段,其中进展较大的品种有:自清洁、抗菌、防腐、隐身、发光、磁性等对光、电、磁、温、湿、压敏感的涂料,而以智能聚合物膜为基础的高层次智能涂料还基本处于研究开发阶段。
Smart coatings were developed from novel and special function coatings in recent years. Here, the preparation and application of different smart coatings are summarized in detail. The polymer film, pigment and manufactural technological design should be considered in preparation of smart coatings. Among them, the key is the design and the synthesis of stimuli-responsive polymeric films which exhibit ＂switchable＂ and desirable properties depending upon external environments because it associates with formation and surface properties of films. The controlled / living polymerization, surface grafts and layer-by-layer assembling techniques have been applied in preparation of intelligent polymer for coatings. In addition, nanotechnology is one of the important methods for preparation of smart coatings. Nanotechnology-based smart coatings can be regarded as initial stage of smart coatings for some of their excellent properties. At present, the state of their development is still on initial stage of nanotechnology-based smart coatings. The main kinds of coatings are self-cleaning coatings, anti-bacterial coatings, anti-corrosive coatings, camouflage coatings, luminescent coatings and magnetic coatings and so on, which are sensitive to the change of light, electricity, magnetic force, temperature, humidity and pressure. However, the high level smart coatings based on the intelligent polymers are still being studied.
出处
《化学进展》
SCIE
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第2期351-361,共11页
Progress in Chemistry
基金
教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划
甘肃省自然科学基金项目(No.3ZS061-A25-036)资助
关键词
智能高分子
涂料
智能涂料
可控聚合
纳米技术
intelligent polymers
coatings
smart coatings
controlled/living polymerization
nanotechnology
