摘要
构式是语言象征单位,是在使用中固化了的形义匹配体。用认知构式语法来观察汉语单宾语句,可以发现它有两大类构式:(1)基本构式,为相对封闭的微观动词实体构式;(2)复杂构式,为相对开放的宏观功能构式。所有构式都可能泛化而形成一构多义。基本构式可以独立构句,也可与复杂构式整合起来共同构句,整合过程中双方有复杂的互动作用。因为单宾语句中有很多复杂构式可以介入,所以句子呈现出多样的题元配置,是汉语构式网络中独特的复杂局域。从历时上来看,构式的形成和发展与使用有关。用认知构式语法可以对语言运作系统做出独特的全面观察和统一解释,也可以看到汉语运作系统的独特性。
A construction is a symbolic unit in language, a pair of conventionalized form and meaning in use. Abstracted from the outside world, it represents concepts and is instantiated in language.
A Cognitive Construction Grammar approach to Chinese mono-transitive structure shows two main types： basic constructions （BC） and complex constructions （CC）. The former is of substantive constructions based on verbs with token frequency, and the latter is of functional constructions with token and type frequency. A BC can stand as a sentence, while a CC cannot stand independently. CCs are related to special propositions, events, or semantic or pragmatic functions and are often linguistically marked.
In the merging process, the two types of construction interact in the following ways. （1） with the CC＇s syntactic structure and meaning steady, its thematic grid may undergo slight change; （2） the CC imposes revision on the BC, where the CC＇s meaning is profiled and the BC＇s meaning elaborates on CC＇s; and （3） when a CC＇s meaning is extended to a certain degree, there emerges constructional polysemy.
Since the mono-transitive sentence can host a great many CCs, quite different thematic grids can be found there, showing its zonal complexity in Chinese construction networks. Compared with English, especially those marked Chinese CCs are unique, as the two languages do not share their linguistic systems, cultural rituals and ways of thinking.
Cognitive Construction Grammar can give a comprehensive and unified account of linguistic mechanism and offers a glimpse of uniqueness of Chinese in this respect.
出处
《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
2008年第4期182-189,共8页
Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences
关键词
认知构式语法
基于使用理论
语法结构
动词研究
汉语单宾语句
cognitive construction grammar
usage-based model
grammatical structure
verb study
Chinese mono-transitive sentence
