摘要
为了解畜禽粪便中抗生素残留和长期施用含抗生素畜禽粪肥的农田土壤中抗生素残留情况,采样分析了浙北地区畜禽粪便样和施用畜禽粪肥的农田土壤中3种四环素类抗生素(土霉素、四环素和金霉素)残留状况,并与未施畜禽粪肥农田进行比较。结果表明,畜禽粪中四环素、土霉素和金霉素残留量分别在检测限以下至16.75、29.60和11.63mg·kg-1之间,总平均值分别为1.57、3.10和1.80mg·kg-1。猪粪、鸡粪、牛粪中抗生素残留量依次降低。抗生素高残留的畜禽粪主要采自规模化养殖场,家庭散养畜禽的粪便中抗生素含量较低。施用畜禽粪肥的农田表层土壤中土霉素、四环素和金霉素的检出率分别为93%、88%和93%,残留量分别在检测限以下至5.172、0.553和0.588mg·kg-1之间。施用畜禽粪肥农田表层土壤土霉素、四环素和金霉素的平均残留量分别为未施畜禽粪肥农田的38倍、13倍和12倍,说明畜禽粪肥是农田土壤抗生素的重要来源。亚表层与表层土壤中土霉素、四环素和金霉素残留量比值分别在0.01～2.13、0.02～1.91和0.02～1.36之间,平均分别为0.64、0.65和0.56。相关分析表明,农田表层土壤中土霉素、四环素和金霉素残留量与土壤黏粒含量呈正相关;土壤质地越轻(黏粒越少),抗生素越易下移并积累在亚表层。
Antibiotics used in livestock and poultry production may be present in manure and slurry as the parent compound and/or metabolites. The environments may therefore be exposed to these antibiotics due to the application of animal manure to agricultural land. In order to understand the residue levels of antibiotics in livestock and poultry manures, and in agricultural soils after a long-term application of antibiotics-contained animal manure, both livestock and poultry manure samples as well as soil samples were collected from north Zhejiang Province. Concentrations of three selected tetracyclines, including chlorteracycline （CTC）, tetracycline （TC）, and oxytetracyline （OTC）, in the samples were characterized. Residual levels of the TC, OTC, and CTC in manures varied from below determination limit to 16.75, 29.60, and 11.63 mg·kg^-1 ,with their mean values at 1.57, 3.10 and 1.80 mg·kg^-1, respectively. The residue level of selected antibiotics ranked from high to low as pig manure 〉 chicken manure 〉 cow manure, and the antibiotics residues were generally higher in animal manures from industrial scale farms than in those from farmer＇s households. About 93%, 88% and 93% of surface soils taken from the agricultural fields after application of manure contained OTC, TC, and CTC, respectively. The concentrations of the OTC, TC, and CTC in these soils ranged from below determination limit to 5. 172, 0.553, and 0.588 mg· kg^-1, respectively. The mean residues of the CTC, TC and OTC in the surface soils from agricultural fields treated with animal manures were 38, 13, and 12 times as high as those from agricultural fields without manure application, suggesting that manure is an important source of antibiotics in the agricultural soils. The ratios of the OTC, TC, and CTC concentrations in the subsurface soils （20 -40 cm） to those in the surface soils （0 -20 cm） varied from to 2.13, 0.02 to 1.91, and 0.02 to 1.36, with their mean values at 0.64, 0.65, and 0.56, respectively. The residues of the CTC, TC, and OTC in the surface soils were positively correlated with clay content of the soils. The downward movement of antibiotics in sandy soils was more significant than in clayey soils, indicating that antibiotics is not stable but mobile in sandy soils.
出处
《生态与农村环境学报》
CAS
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第3期69-73,共5页
Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment
基金
教育部博士学科点专项科研基金(20060335018)
关键词
抗生素
残留
畜禽粪
土壤
antibiotics
residue
livestock and poultry manure
soil
