摘要
为揭示大柳塔地区大规模煤炭资源开发诱发的生态环境地质问题及其效应,进行了1∶5万矿山地质环境调查。研究结果表明,大柳塔煤矿区地面塌陷影响面积达47.12～53.36km2,范围大,但对农业生产的影响较轻;煤矿开发对水资源的影响尤为严重;20年来大柳塔地区及主要采煤塌陷区土地沙漠化呈现逐年好转的趋势;主要河流受到了硫化物、氟化物、总磷的普遍污染,河流底泥受到了重金属元素较严重的累积污染;土壤尚有较大的重金属元素环境容量,但重金属元素的累积污染不容忽视。神东公司实施生态功能圈建设、煤矸石堆场复垦、露天采场复垦、矿井水综合利用等措施,明显地改善了矿区的生态环境,探索出生态环境脆弱区煤炭资源开发生态地质环境保护的新模式。依据该区煤炭资源开发中生态环境保护的成功经验与教训,应统筹规划,制定生态环境脆弱区煤炭资源开发的环境保护规划、建立矿山公园、加强采煤塌陷区生态环境变化研究等。
1：50000 nfine geological-environmental survey was carried out in order to reveal the eco-environmental and geological problems induced by large-scale coal exploitation and its effects in the Daliuta area, Shenmu County, Shaanxi. Study shows that the ground subsidence area within the Daliuta coal mine area reaches about 47.12-53.36 km^2. The effects of coal mine development on water resources are serious, but slight on agriculture. During the past 20 years, the land desertification has been decreased yearly in the Daliuta area and its main subsidence area. The major rivers were commonly polluted seriously by sulfides, fluorides and phosphorus. River bottom sediments were polluted seriously due to heavy metal accumulation. Soils in this area have a large environmental capacity, but the cumulative heavy metal pollution should not be neglected. The Shendong Company has implemented the building of the ecological function circle, coal gangue yard reclamation, open-cut mine reclamation, comprehensive utilization of mine water, and other measurements Those measurements have improved the eco-environment of the mine significantly. In addition, the company developed a new model of the eco-environmental protection during coal exploitation in eco-environmentally frangible areas. Based on the successful experiences and lessons about eco-environmental protection during coal resource exploitation in the area, the authors put forward a number of suggestions about the countermeasures, such as the formulation of plans of environmental protection during coal exploitation in eco-environmental frangible areas, construction of mine parks and strengthening of research on eco-environmental changes.
出处
《地质通报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第8期1344-1350,共7页
Geological Bulletin of China
基金
中国地质调查局国土资源调查项目<陕西大柳塔煤矿区环境地质问题专题调查>(编号:1212010541301-4)资助。
关键词
环境地质问题
生态环境保护
对策建议
大柳塔煤矿区
陕西神木
environmental geological problems
eco-environmental protection
countermeasure
Daliuta coal mine area
Shaanxi
