摘要
目的总结和分析消除新生儿破伤风(NT)的经验和效果,以证实达到消除NT的目标。方法对日照市不同时期NT流行病学特征和采取的预防控制策略进行分析。结果日照市自1950—2006年,共计约发生NT病例30 522例,死亡约26 013例。其中1950—1959年,平均年发病率约为34.79‰,病死率为90.35%;1960—1969年,年平均发病率约为14.79‰,病死率为79.59%。1970—1979年,年平均发病率约为6.83‰万,病死率为74.71%;1980—1989年,年均发病率约为1.46‰,病死率为68.89%;1990年以后发病率下降到了1.00‰以下。结论高覆盖率和高质量的破伤风类疫苗(TT)免疫是消除NT快速、经济有效的策略;提高住院分娩率和清洁接生率,是控制和消除NT的根本措施;开展有效的监测是消除NT的必要手段。
[ Objective] To summarize and analyze the experience and effect of eliminating NT to approach the goal of eliminating NT. [Methods] Analysis was made on the epidemic features and preventive strategies against NT in different periods. [ Results] During 1950--2006, 30 522 NT cases were found in Rizhao, 26 013 of which died; during 1950--1959, the average annual morbidity and mortality were 34. 79‰ and 90.35% respectively, 14.79‰ and 79.59% respectively during 1960--1969, 6.83%0 and 74.71% respectively during 1970--1979, 1.46%0 and 68.89% respectively during 1980--1989, the morbidity declined to 1‰ after the year of 1990. [ Conclusion] High covering rate and high quality of TT immunization is a rapid, economical and effective strategy to eliminate NT; to increase the rate of childbearing in hospital and sanitary accouchement are the essential measures of controlling and eliminating NT; to carry out effective surveillance is a indispensible measure of eliminating NT.
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2008年第17期1744-1746,共3页
Occupation and Health
关键词
新生儿破伤风
流行特征
调查
Neonatal Tetanus
Epidemiologic Characters
Investigation
