摘要
由于环境侵权责任因果关系的特殊性,法律规定在环境侵权诉讼中实行因果关系推定。环境侵权诉讼中的因果关系推定是指法官根据法律规定,从已知的基础事实推定环境加害行为与环境损害之间存在因果关系,并允许当事人提出证据予以推翻的规则。实行因果关系推定,实质上是直接将证明因果关系不存在的证明责任分配给加害人。受害人证明基础事实的方法有很多,但标准只有一个,即须达到高度盖然性。加害人对基础事实的反驳属于反证,而对推定事实的反驳则是本证。开展环境侵权诉讼中的因果关系推定讨论,对建立我国环境侵权诉讼理论体系以及实务操作有重要意义。
The law provides causation presumption in environmental tort action because of the particularity of the eausation in environmental tort liability. The causation presumption in environmental tort action is a rule that the judge presumes the causation between environmental tort and environmental damage from the known basic facts by law and allows the parties to present evidence to overturn. Its essence is to assign the burden of proof that proves the inexistence of causation to perpetrator directly. There are many ways for victims to prove the basic facts with only one standard, namely： it must reach highly probability. Perpetrator＇s refutation to basic facts is disproof, while his refutation to presumed facts is proof. Carrying out Causation presumption in environmental tort actions is significant to establish environmental tort actions system and substantive aflairs.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
2008年第5期210-215,共6页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
教育部重大项目<全面建设小康社会中的环境资源立法与实施研究>(编号:05JJD820008)阶段性成果
关键词
环境侵权
因果关系
推定
证明责任
environmental tort
causation
presumption
burden of proof
