摘要
目的分析广西诺如病毒腹泻疫情的流行特征及流行因素，为预防控制提供依据。方法采用现场流行病学调查方法及描述性分析方法，对2006年1月至2007年12月广西诺如病毒腹泻疫情报告及个案资料进行调查分析。结果2006年1月至2007年12月，广西共报告9起（城市1起，农村地区8起）诺如病毒腹泻疫情，累计病例1174例，其中实验室诊断病例75例（6．39％），临床诊断病例1099例（93．61％），无死亡病例。疫情暴发地点主要为农村地区的学校、监狱、自然村屯，农村病例数构成（86．20％）高于城市（13．80％）（P〈0．01）；病例时间分布有明显季节性，2006年病例时间分布与2007年分布不一致，2006年病例全部集中在9、10和12月，2007年病例主要集中在4—6月，占总病例数的78．75％（452／574）；病例年龄主要为10～19岁（39．52％）和20-29岁（28．88％），年龄构成差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01），男女性别比为2．19：1，职业分布主要为在校学生和服刑人员。病例症状较轻，病程一般为2—3d，具有自限性。可能的传播途径包括经水和食物、人传人接触传播等多途径传播。共采集81份病例和10份密切接触者急性期粪便标本，检出诺如病毒RNA阳性72份和5份，检出率分别为88．89％和50．00％。结论广西诺如病毒腹泻暴发疫情多在农村地区的中小学校发生，具有明显季节性，主要集中在秋季和初夏季节。应加强疫情监测，提高实验室检测能力，重点针对疫情好发地区，采取健康教育、加强饮用水卫生和饮食卫生等综合措施，减少诺如病毒腹泻暴发疫情的发生。
Objective To investigate and reveal the epidemiological characteristics and influential factors of infectious diarrhea outbreak caused by norovirus （NoV） in Guangxi, and to provide scientific evidence for control and prevention. Methods Field epidemiology survey and descriptive analysis method were used to analyze the data of NoV diarrhea outbreaks and cases reported from 2006 to 2007. Results From January 2006 to December 2007, 9 NoV diarrhea outbreaks （ 1 in city and 8 in rural areas） and 1 174 cases were reported. Of the reported cases, 75 Were laboratory confirmed and 1 099 were clinically diagnosed. No death cases were reported. The outbreaks mainly occurred at school of rural area, jail and village. The number of cases in rural area were higher than those in city（P 〈 0. 01 ）. Seasonal distributions of cases were obviously, but inconsistent in 2006 and 2007, i. e. , the cases were mainly in September, October and December in 2006, while from April to June in 2007. Age distributions of cases were mainly in 10 - 19 years old （39.52%） and 20 -29 years old （28.88%）. The age proportion was with significant difference （P 〈 0. 01 ）. The gender proportion was 2. 19： I between male and female. Occupations were mainly students and prisoners. Symptoms were mild in most of the cases, with self - limited within 2 or 3 days. Possible transmission routes of NoV were multiple, including waterborne, foodborne, and person - to -person contact. NoV RNA was detected in acute phase stool samples of 81 cases and 10 close contacts, with positive rates of 88.89% and 50.00% , respectively. Conclusion NoV diarrhea outbreak occurred mainly at middle or primary schools in rural area. Seasonal distribution of cases was obviously and mainly in autumn, early summer. Comprehensive measures including health education, water sanitation and food safety should be taken to reduce diarrhea outbreak caused by NoV.
出处
《华南预防医学》
2008年第5期6-9,13,共5页
South China Journal of Preventive Medicine
