摘要
以19881、9921、9992、006年遥感影像作为基本信息源,在RS和GIS技术的支持下,运用景观生态学原理,选取相关景观指数,定量分析红水河梯级开发18年间广西大化县库区景观格局的动态变化,揭示了景观格局对区域生态环境的影响。结果表明：裸岩砾石地和灌草地是库区的主要景观类型,整体景观多样性指数和均匀度指数持续增长,优势度则动态递减;景观破碎化程度加剧;平均斑块形状指数递增发展;斑块面积变异系数不断递长。各类景观要素也发生了较复杂的结构变化,1988~2006年间研究区各类景观格局时间序列上存在明显差异性变化。自然条件制约与人类干扰活动的加强,区内耕地、林地、灌草地、裸岩砾石地之间的转换关系复杂,生态恢复与生态退化同时存在,整体景观处于不稳定状态。人类活动在改造和利用景观的同时带来了石漠化、水土流失、生态退化、植被破坏等一系列不良的生态效应。提高喀斯特山区的土地生产潜力应对退耕与库区人口不断增加所带来的粮食需求压力,将生态建设与社会环境有机相结合来调控人类不合理的开发方式,将有助于库区的生态环境恢复与可持续发展。
With the remote sensing image in 1988, 1992, 1999 and 2006 as the basic information resources, under the support of RS and GIS technology, using landscape ecology principle and selecting the related landscape indices, the dynamic changes of landscape pattern in the cascade development of Hongshui River of Dahua county of Guangxi during the past 18 years were quantitively analyzed. The effects of landscape panern on the regional ecological environment were revealed. The results showed that main landscape types of the reservoir area were bare rock gravel land and shrubbery-grass land. The diversity index and evenness index of the whole landscape continuously increased, the dominance degree showed a dynamic decreasing trend and the landscape fragmentation degree aggravated. The average plaque shape index kept an increasing development and the variation coefficient of plaque area continuously increased. All kinds of landscape elements also had more complicated structural changes. The time series of all kinds of landscape patterns in study area had obvious difference changes from 1988 to 2006. Because of natural conditions restriction and the intensification of human activities, the conversion relation among farmland, forest land, shrub land, bare rock gravel land was complex. Ecological restoration and degradation existed at the same time and the whole landscape was in an unstable state. As well as reconstructing and utilizing the landscape, hurrah activities brought a series of bad ecological effects such as desertification, water and seiI loss, ecological degradation and vegetation breakage. In order to improve the land production potential in Karst mountainous area, the food demand pressure brought by returning farmland and population increase in the reservoir area should be combined with ecologlcal construction and the social environment to regulate the urueasonable exploitation model of human. This would be favorable for the resumption of the ecological environment and the sustainable development.
出处
《安徽农业科学》
CAS
北大核心
2008年第28期12458-12462,12464,共6页
Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(40461001)
广西科学基金资助项目科桂青(0728045)
广西高校人才小高地广西师范学院资源与环境科学创新团队项目
关键词
红水河
景观格局变化
生态效应
水电梯级开发
库区建设
Hongshni River
landscape pattern change
Ecological effect
Hydropower cascade exploitation
Reservoir area construction
