摘要
以1995年、2000年遥感土壤侵蚀调查(RS)资料为基础,结合2005年实地调查资料,研究岷江流域土壤侵蚀的演变规律,应用马尔柯夫模型对流域土壤侵蚀的发展趋势进行预测,同时探讨岷江流域水土流失治理分区与对策。结果表明:(1)岷江流域土壤侵蚀现状表现为:侵蚀总面积19 907.7 km2,占幅员面积的43.77%;侵蚀类型以水蚀为主,占侵蚀面积的88.24%;侵蚀等级以中度侵蚀为主,占侵蚀面积的44.07%。与1995年相比,土壤侵蚀面积减少369.6 km2,减少比例为0.81%。计算表明岷江流域2000年土壤侵蚀量为8.94×107t,平均侵蚀模数1 966 t/(km2.a)。(2)应用Markov模型对2005-2025年岷江流域土壤侵蚀面积的预测结果显示:岷江流域土壤侵蚀面积将呈逐年减少趋势。到2025年,土壤侵蚀面积将比2000年减少1 452.87 km2;未来20年内土壤侵蚀量每5 a以3.17×107t的速度减少。(3)岷江流域水土流失治理应在以全流域综合治理为目标,在科学规划基础上,选择优先治理区和重点治理区,以不同类型的治理工程为主要途径,推动岷江流域水土流失的有效治理。
Based on remote sensing data of 1995 and 2000 of the MRV and field investigation in 2005,changes of soil erosion and their driving factors in the MRV was studied. Based on the Markov model, the evolution of soil loss between 2005 and 2025 was predicted. Meanwhile, some countermeasures were suggested for integri- ty of project in controlling soil erosion in the study area. The results were shown as follows. （1） A total area of soil erosion in the MRV in 2000 was 19 907.7 km^2, among which water-caused erosion rated 88.24%. Compared with the situation in 1995,the soil erosion rate was decreased by 0.81% and its total area was 369.6 km^22. Totally,soil loss in the Minjiang River valley amounted to 89. 4325 million ton under an average modulus of 1 966 t/（km^2· a） in 2000. （2）Through forecast by application of the Markov model,the soil erosion area in the MRV from 2005 to 2025 was in a descending trend,by an area decrease of 1 452.87 km^2 and by an amount of 3. 1736 million tons every five years. （3）For sake of integrated controlling of soil erosion in the Minjiang River valley,regionalization and an optimum regime should be firstly formulated on the basis of existing problem probing and sustainable management objectives. Due to the complexity of soil erosion chan- ges in the Minjiang River valley,the priority region and the key region for soil erosion control are mainly in the upper reaches ,and the counter-measures were suggested as farming slope harnessing, ecosystem restoring and protecting, mountain hazards control, soil loss monitoring and preventing and even some more reforms in administrative policies.
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第5期56-60,共5页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
四川省水土保持局2006年重点项目“四川岷沱江流域水土流失调查研究”(No.CWSC2006-01)
关键词
岷江流域
土壤侵蚀
演变
预测
治理对策
Minjiang River valley
soil erosion
changes
prediction
countermeasures
