摘要
大坝的隔离,使长江与通江湖泊的关系受到威胁,洄游性鱼类失去了原有丰富的栖息地,直接影响到一些江湖洄游性鱼类的生长与繁殖。根据对不同时期的渔获物组成、三口分流水量和分流比、中游及洞庭湖鱼苗产量、四大家鱼产量、四大家鱼在鱼类资源中的比例和监利四大家鱼鱼苗径流量的统计分析,得出了大坝对以四大家鱼为代表的江湖洄游性鱼类资源量的影响。结果表明,大坝对长江中下游鱼类物种组成和丰度有一定影响,优势物种趋于集中,大坝对水文规律的调节对鱼类的产卵量有一定不利影响,江湖关系的连通度决定着洄游性鱼类的生长与繁殖。为降低工程对生态的影响,水库的运行,特别是在产卵期应结合生态的需要,应进行优化调度。
Dams constructed on the Yangtze River Basin have endangered the connectivity between the river and the lakes along it and then led the migration fishes to lose their original rich habitats with the direct impact on their reproduction and growth. Based on the data such as the catch compositions at different periods, the flow rate and diversion ratio of diverting flow to three outlets （Songcikou, Taipingkou and Ouchikou）, the fish fry outputs from the mid-reach of the Yangtze River and Dongting Lake, the output of the four domestic fishes （ Black Carp, Grass Carp, Silver Carp and Bighead Carp） and their proportion in fish resources, the statistical analysis on the fish fry runoff of the four domestic fishes at Jianli Reach of the river, the impacts from the dam construction on the resources of the migration fishes represented by the four domestic fishes are obtained. The study result shows that the dam construction has a certain influence on the composition and abundance of the fish species of the mid-downstream of the river along with the gradual concentration of the dominant species, and has a certain adverse impact on the hydrological law and the spawning of fish, furthermore, the connectivity of the river-lake relation dominates the reproduction and growth of the migration fishes as well. In order to reduce the impact form the project concerned on the ecological system, the operation of reservoir must be optimally operated and integrate with the ecological demand during the spawning period especially.
出处
《水利水电技术》
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第1期29-33,共5页
Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering
关键词
长江
大坝
江湖关系
三口分流
栖息地
洄游鱼类
四大家鱼
Yangtze River
dam
relationship between river and lake
diverting flow to three outlets
habitat
migration fishes
the four domestic fishes
