摘要
在衡水市邓庄乡壤质潮上上进行了以灌水为主处理、氮用量为副处理，各五水平的定位试验。结果表明，氮肥用量是硝态氮淋溶损失的决定因素，冬小麦施氮150kg·hm2不发生淋溶，施氮225～300kg·hm-2则硝态氮的淋溶增强。小麦播前基施氮肥量过高会使冬季发生硝态氮的淋溶。小麦拔节期和灌浆期灌溉一般不会引起硝态氮的淋溶损失;尽管一次灌水1350m3·hm-2硝态氮的淋失量不高，但土壤剖面中的硝态氮含量显著比低灌水量的低。为降低硝态氮的损失，应控制一次灌水量不超过1050m3·hm-2。雨季降水导致大量硝态氮淋溶损失，防治雨季土壤硝态氮的淋溶损失至关重要。
Nitrate leaching is not only main reason of low utilization efficiency of nitrogen, but also cause serious environment pollution. So determining nitrate movement and affecting factor in soil profile is the essential prerequisite of preventing nitrate leaching. Therefore long-term.location field experiment for reducing NO3-N leaching was conducted in winter wheat-corn rotation system in Herigshui, irrigation as main treatment and N fertilizer as subtreatment were five levels. The results showed that N application rate was the main factor of NO3-N leaching, there was no NO3-N leaching when N application was below 150kg·hm-2. but N use at a rate of 225～300kg· hm-2 increased NO3-N leaching in winter wheat. There was evident NO3-N leaching during winter when N rate of basal dressing was high in treatment of without irrigation. There was no nitrate leaching irrigated for two times both at jointing stage and milk stage of winter wheat. Rainfall in rainy season resulted in more NO3-N leachirig. Although irrigation at rate of 1350m3· hm-2 had a low NO3-N leaching to the 100～150cm depth,the NO3-N content of soil reduced seriously in the whole profile, it meant that there was more N loss. So irrigation amount should,be controlled at a rate of 450～1050m3·hm-2 for each time. Delay irrigation at elongation stage in spring should reduce NO3-N loss. To prevent soil NO3-N leaching in rainy season is very important for reducing NO3-N leaching and pollution to groundwater.
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
1998年第1期16-21,共6页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
中国-加拿大合作研究项目!"河北旱地农业"
关键词
灌溉施肥
硝态氮淋溶
地下水污染
Irrigation and fertilization NO_3-N leaching Ground-water pollution
