摘要
1860—1936年的近80年间,长江三角洲在技术、资本、管理等经济条件均有极大优势的条件下,其机器缫丝业的发展却远远落后于珠江三角洲。通过对机器缫丝业发展相关因素的研究发现,长三角机器缫丝工厂没有建立在蚕茧原料供应地,蚕农为了保持自己从家庭缫丝中获得的利益而不愿意出售蚕茧,从而导致长三角地区机器缫丝业因缺乏原料而发展迟滞。珠三角在引进机器缫丝技术之初则通过对技术的退步性改良使丝厂落户乡村,将蚕农直接卷入技术进步和技术应用的红利分配中。由此,技术应用活动成败的关键不在于社会结构或文化是否构成阻碍,甚至不在于技术是否先进,而在于是否惠及相关的利益团体。让相关利益群体从中受惠,既是技术影响社会变迁的基础,也是社会结构或文化塑造技术特征的前提。
Over nearly eighty years from 1860 to 1936, the Yangtze River Delta, despite its economic superiority in terms of technology, capital and management, had a machine-based filature industry far inferior to that of the Pearl River Delta. Our study of factors relevant to the development of this industry indicates that filature factories in the Yangtze River Delta were not located in regions supplying silkworm cocoons, the raw materials of the filature industry. Silkworm raisers were reluctant to sell cocoons in order to protect their own benefits from family filature, so the industry made slow progress in the Yangtze River Delta due to lack of raw materials. In the Pearl River Delta, however, as soon as the technique of machine-based filature was introduced, filature workshops found a home in the countryside, adopting a retrofitting technology which involved silkworm raisers in the distribution of profits resulting from technological progress and application. Therefore, what is crucial to the success or failure of the application of a technology is not whether social structure or culture presents obstacles or whether the technology is an advanced one, but rather whether it benefits all interest groups concerned. Offering benefits to all interested parties is the foundation of technology’s influence on social change as well as the premise on which social structure or culture shapes the characteristics of a technology.
出处
《中国社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2009年第1期116-132,共17页
Social Sciences in China
基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重点项目“技术进步与社会组织变迁”[05JJD840001]
上海高校社会学E-研究院研究项目成果的一部分
