摘要
目的:了解农村婴幼儿喂养现状,为进一步干预提供依据。方法:采用定量方法利用自编问卷对陕西泾阳县6个乡的311名儿童母亲进行现况调查;采用定性方法组织12名儿童母亲进行专题小组讨论,了解影响母亲喂养行为的因素。使用中位数、均数、标准差、频数、卡方检验等方法分析定量资料;使用分类归纳法分析定性资料。结果:定量调查显示,88.4%的母亲认为婴儿6个月内纯母乳喂养好,但6个月内纯母乳喂养率为55.3%;44.4%的母亲了解正确添加辅食的时间,但适时添加辅食率为26.1%;分别有92.9%、97.4%、76.2%的母亲认为应该每天给6个月及以上的孩子吃鸡蛋、蔬菜或肉类,但每周给6个月及以上的孩子添加6次及以上鸡蛋的比例为38.9%、蔬菜47.9%;给7个月及以上孩子每周添加1次以上肉类的比例只有21.6%。定性结果表明,没有坚持纯母乳喂养的母亲主要是自认为母乳不足而过早加辅食;过晚添加辅食的母亲主要是认为8个月以下的孩子对乳类以外的食物难以消化;不给孩子添加肉类食物的母亲主要是认为孩子1岁牙长好了才能消化肉类。结论:6个月婴儿纯母乳喂养率和适时添加辅食率低于同期其他农村地区水平,辅食种类单调,动物性食物摄入明显不足。建议加强对妇幼保健人员的培训,更新相关知识,提高健康教育技能;开发适合农村家长的科普书报、杂志等健康教育材料。
Objective： To investigate KABP feeding status for infants and toddlers, provide some evidences for further intervention. Methods： 311 mothers from 6 villages were surveyed by quantitative cross - section survey questionnaire. By focus group discussion, 12 mothers were interviewed to detect the effect factors of mothers＇ feeding practices. Median, means, frequency distributions, standard deviation and chi-square test were used to analyze quantitative data. The qualitative data were analyzed by sorting and summing up. Results： 88.4% mothers thought that infants under 6 months old should be breastfed, but 55.3% mothers exclusive breasffed their babies under 6 months. 44. 4% mothers knew when to begin to add complementary food, but 26. 1% mothers added them at the correct time. Respectively, 92.9% , 97.4% and 76. 2% mothers thought eggs, vegetables and meat/fish should be fed to children above 6 months each day, respectively, but 38. 9% and 47.9% mothers fed eggs and vegetables for 6 times each week to children of 6 months and above, 21.6% mothers fed meat/fish for once each week to children of 7 months and above. Qualitative survey showed that mothers themselves feeling breast milk deficient and adding complementary food earlier were the main causes affecting exclusive breast feeding; some mothers thought that infants under 8 months couldn＇t digest any food except milk, so they didn＇t add complementary food timely. Some mothers thought that children eouldn＇t digest meat/fish till they were one year old, so they didn＇t add meat or fish timely. Conclusion： Exclusive breastfeeding rate and adding complementary rate for infants of 6 months were lower than those of other rural areas at the same period. The kinds of complementary food were limited, and adding of meat/fish couldnt meet growth and development needs of children, tt is suggested that the training for MCH workers be improved so as to update their feeding knowledge and to enhance their skills of health education. Some health education materials such as books, newspapers or magazines fitting for rural parents should be developed.
出处
《中国妇幼保健》
CAS
北大核心
2009年第5期670-672,共3页
Maternal and Child Health Care of China
基金
世界卫生组织基金资助(WP/2006/CHN/MPS/2.3/001)
关键词
婴幼儿母亲
母乳喂养
添加辅食
知信行
现况调查
Mothers of infants and toddlers
Breast- feeding
Complementary food adding
KABP on children feeding
Cross - section survey
