摘要
2008年春季我国南方发生了特大冰雪灾害,林木损害严重。选择江西省井冈山-吉泰盆地-于山山脉-武夷山支脉样带作为研究区,两次进行野外调查,结合收集的数据,进行综合分析,取得结论包括:(1)在研究样带内人工林的损毁程度为湿地松林>马尾松林>混交人工林>杉木林,在受损样本中湿地松林的实际受损比例高达61.3%,其中不可自然恢复折损实际比例达43.2%,相对比例达70.4%,主要是因为湿地松是美国南部地区外来引进种,生长块、材质疏松,而且割脂活动较强;马尾松为乡土造林先锋树种,材质较为坚硬,但受割脂活动影响,在受损样本中实际受损受损比例也高达52.5%,其中不可自然恢复折损实际比例达31.8%,相对比例达60.9%;杉木是本地树种,实际受损比例46%,其中不可自然恢复受损实际仅14.9%,相对比例也仅32.5%,低于混交人工林。(2)调查样带自西向东,西部井冈山地区常绿阔叶林受损程度最轻,分布在700m左右的人工柳杉林受损严重,杉木林分布在700m以下的受损程度较轻,而分布在900m以上的则相对严重;中部吉泰盆地受损调查样点中,分布在低海拔的湿地松林和马尾松林,因割脂活动受损程度严重,杉木林受损最轻,长期封育的天然次生林落叶阔叶林,由于藤本植物的缠绕,导致大量冰挂积雪,受损十分严重;东部兴国和宁都县,分布在400m以下的人工飞播马尾松因个体小基本未受损,分布在400m以上的1960年代人工种植马尾松,因割脂活动,受损严重;而分布在500～900m的杉木林受损程度较轻。
An abrupt ice and snow storm disaster occurred in the spring of 2008 severely destroyed forests over a surprisingly large portion of southern China. Transect of Jinggang Mountain - Jitai Basin - Yushan Mountain - Wuyi Mountain was selected as the study area. The authors integrated twice field surveys and collection data to analysis the impacts of the disturbance on forests. The results showed that, （ 1 ） the damage degree of plantations in transect presented as Slash pine 〉 Masson pine 〉 species from southern American which characterized damage mixed plantation 〉 Chinese fir. Slash pine is ＇an introduced as fast growth, loose wood quality and rich oleoresin, and its percentage shows 61.3% in samples, in which 70.4% cannot recovery naturally. Masson pine is the native pioneer species of forestation with harder wood, and 52.5% were damaged due to turpentine, in which 60. 9% cannot recovery naturally. The local tree species of Chinese fir shows 46% and 32.5 % respectively, which lower than mixed plantation. （2） From west to east of the transect, we can see that evergreen broad-leaved forest of western transect in Jinggang Mountain shows the light damage degree, and Cryptomeria plantation distributed at altitude of 700 m destroyed severely, and Chinese fir shows light above 900 m ; Masson pine and Slash pine of the central transect in Jitai damage bellow 700 m and relatively severe Basin destroyed severely for turpentine activities, and closed natural secondary deciduous broad-leaved forest damage severe due to a lot of ice and snow accumulated on twining shrub. Masson pine aerial-seeding plantation bellow 400m altitude of eastern transect in Xingguo and Ningdu County nearly undamaged for small tree size, and Chinese fir distributed among 500 - 900 m shows lighter damage degree. However, Masson pine distributed above 400 m which planted in 1960s destroyed severely due to turpentine.
出处
《山地学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第2期177-187,共11页
Mountain Research
基金
中德国际科技合作项目(2006DFB91920)
国家科技支撑计划(2006BAC08B00)~~
