摘要
本文分析了尘肺发病情况，认为我国1986年前“政府指令领导，行业行政管理，企业综合防治，群众舆论监督”的尘肺防治策略，是符合当时国情的，亦使尘肺病得到有效控制。1991～1996年与80年代同期尘肺发病比较，尘肺发病呈逐年下降趋势，年递减率7．25％。但是尘肺还占职业病发病数的62％～68％；年病死率高达1．2％～1．4％。据1986年尘肺流行病学调查，尘肺病已造成直接和间接经济损失高达50亿人民币。因此，尘肺仍应作为重点进行防治。本文剖析了改革开放和经济高速增长而出现的新问题，建议我国尘肺病防治策略应相应调整，政府确立尘肺防治规划、目标，严格依法监督管理；行业（集团、公司、协会）加强组织、指导和自身管理；厂矿企业承担尘肺防治法律、经济责任，落实综合防治措施；工会保护职工享有法定权利，执行有关义务。作者就调整的策略提出有关实施策略的内容和方法，并认为在坚持“预防为主，综合防治”方针前提下，加强国际合作，各部门、各地区分级、分期实施规划，卫生部门和其他有关部门分工合作，主动参与，作好监督、咨询、参谋和服务工作，我国尘肺防治工作必能取得更大成绩。
The situation of pneumoconiosis in China was analyzed. The prevention and control strategiesof pneumoconiosis before 1986,i. e. 'led by government,managed and administered by trade, com-prehensive prevention and control strategies executed by enterprises and supervised by tradeunion'was feasible for this country in then circumstance,which had achieved great effect in control-ling pneumoconiosis. Compared with the prevalence rate in 80's, that during 1991 - 1996 had de-creased successively by 7. 25% Per year. But pneumoconiosis still accounted for 62% - 68% of alloccupational diseases and its mortality rate reached 1. 2 N - 1. 4 %. Direct and indirect economic losscaused by pneumoconiosis cost 5 billion yuan according to the data of nationwide epidemiological in-vestigation of pneumoconiosis in 1986. So pneumoconiosis should be the priority of prevention andcontrol for occupational diseases. Facing to new problems occurred with economic development,author suggested that strategies should be adjusted. The government should determine the pro-gramme and goal of prevention and control of pneumoconiosis,industries should strengthen theirorganizational,directory and self-managing ability,enterprises should take the legal and economicduty in prevention and control of pneumoconipsis, as well as carry out the comprehensive measuresof prevention and control,the trade union should protect workers legal rights and execute dutiesassociated with rights. Contents and means of implementation were put forward according to theadjusted strategies. It is also suggested that internationa1 cooperation should be strengthened,eachdepartment and each region should execute seriously the part of the strategies of their own,health sectors and other departments should cooperate with their responsibility, participate activelyand do supervision,consultation and service well.
出处
《工业卫生与职业病》
CAS
CSCD
1998年第2期87-91,共5页
Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases
关键词
尘肺
防治
策略
Pneumoconiosis
Prevention and control
Strategy
