摘要
分离健康茶树叶片、落叶、种子、实生苗和扦插苗等的内生真菌,研究影响芒果球座菌分布的因素、季节变化规律、传播方式和生活史。结果表明:芒果球座菌的分离率在不同的山茶属植物叶片中存在明显差异,茶树中最高,油茶次之,山茶最低;新抽出的叶芽中没有内生真菌分布,但随着叶片龄期的增长,芒果球座菌的分离率逐步提高,至老叶中高达73.5%。在茶树中,品种是影响芒果球座菌分布的重要因素,不同品种间芒果球座菌的分离率有明显差异;1年之中,芒果球座菌的消长明显受新梢抽出期、叶龄、茶叶采摘、温度和降水等多因素的综合影响;2—4月和6月芒果球座菌的分离率低,而5月、7—8月和12月是芒果球座菌分布的高峰期。种子、新长出的实生苗中没有分离到芒果球座菌;随实生苗的生长,芒果球座菌感染逐步增多。结合枯叶和空气中真菌孢子检测结果可知:茶树中的芒果球座菌通过水平传播方式在茶园扩散。而在扦插苗中芒果球座菌的分离结果说明茶树中的芒果球座菌也可以通过存在于插穗中的菌丝体扩散到下一代,在茶园进行垂直传播。因此,茶树中的芒果球座菌同时存在水平传播和垂直传播2种扩散方式。
In the present study, life cycle and transmission of Guignardia mangiferae were determined by conventional isolation of endophytic fungi from asymptomatic leaves, withered leaves, cuttage seedlings, seeds and seedlings of various tea plants. The results showed that the highest isolation rate of G. mangiferae was found from species of Camellia sinensis, followed by C. oleifera and then C. japonica. There was also significant difference in G. mangiferae colonization among various tea cultivars. In tea plants, the newly-flushed leaves were endophyte-free. As the leaf was developing, colonization of G. mangiferae gradually increased, and the highest isolation rate of G. mangiferae reached to 73.5 % in the mature. Isolation rate of G. mangiferae was also affected by other factors such as date of sprouting, harvest stages, temperature and precipitation. The low isolation rates of G. mangiferae were observed in spring, from February through June, whereas higher isolation rates were observed in May, July-August and December. There was a temporal variation of endophytic G. mangiferae in leaves of tea plants in Fujian Province. G. mangiferae was not isolated from seeds and the newly germinated seedlings. With the seedlings developed, G. mangiferae colonized on the seedlings gradually. G. mangiferae could grow out from the spores collected from the air in tea orchards. G. mangiferae could transmit from mother stocks to cuttage seedlings, which showed a special pattern of vertical transmission. Based on these data, we suggest that G. mangiferae has two modes of transmission in tea plant orchards, horizontal transmission by ascospores and vertical transmission by mother stocks.
出处
《林业科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第4期65-71,共7页
Scientia Silvae Sinicae
基金
福建省自然科学基金重点项目(B0620005)
福建省科技厅重点项目(K04028)资助
关键词
茶树
芒果球座菌
分布
传播方式
生活史
Camellia sinensis
Guignardia mangiferae
distribution
transmission mode
life cycle
