摘要
目的研究近年来怀远县疟疾疫情回升的流行因素和特征,评价防治效果,为制定防治措施提供依据。方法收集有关资料进行分析,对抽样病例作现场流行病学调查,并对人群防蚊措施和疟疾传播媒介进行现场监测。结果1995～1999年年发病率在2/10万以下。2000年起疟疾疫情迅速上升,2003年为高峰,发病率为189.54/10万,此后逐年下降,2007年比2003年下降了74.04%。饲养大牲畜头数年平均下降33.62%。2000～2006年,5～10月月平均气温24.10℃。主要防蚊措施为蚊帐,人均使用率为38.98%。媒介抗药性测定：0.01%氟氯氰菊酯、0.025%溴氰菊酯实验组与对照组差异均无显著性（P〉0.05）。疟疾病人及时抗疟治疗率为2.97%,复发率为2.61%。流行季节由6～9月延长为9～11月。结论造成疟疾疫情上升的原因有气候变暖、传播媒介屏障减少、人群防护行为水平低、杀虫剂效果不确定、病例及时诊断和治疗率低等。以控制传染源为主的综合性控制措施对疫情控制有较好的效果。
Objective To understand factors and features of the malaria＇s prevalence and reemerging in Huaiyuan County in recent years so as to provide a scientific basis for evaluation of the prevention effect and formulating appropriate measures of prevention and control. Method Related data were collected and analyzed. Field survey of the sampled cases was conducted. Longitudinal monitoring of malaria vectors and vector prevention of population were made. Results In the peried from 1995 to 1999, incidence of malaria in Huaiyuan County was under 2/100 000. Reemerging of malaria occurred in 2000. The incidence reached the highest with a incidence of 189.54/100 000. Then the incidence decreased year by year. Incidence decreased 74.04% compared with that in 2003. From 2000 to 2007, number of livestock was decreased by 33. 62% annually. The average month temperature was 16.61 - 18.78 %. The average annual rainfall was 706.16 ram. From May to October, the average relative humidity was 71.43%. Only 26.21% person had mosquito nets. The utilization rate of mosquito nets was 38.98%. Timely rate of anti - malarial treatment was only 2.97%. The recurrence rate was only 2. 61%. The average density of mosquitoes was 0.42 mosquitoes per net, with an average biting rate of 0.26 mosquitoes for one person every night. During the midnight, the average density of human bait in the mosquito net was 3.49 mosquitoes per hour. Average biting rate was 5.52 mosquitoes for each person. There was no significant difference of insecticide resistance for Cyfluthrin and deltamethrin between experimental group and control group. Prevalence season prolonged from 6 ～ 9 months to 9 ～ 11 months. Conehltsion Causes of malaria reemerging included prolonged season, biologieal barrier break- down, poor prevention, low timely diagnosis and treatment rates etc. Comprehensive measures, especially controlling infectious sources, proved successful to rollback malaria reemerging.
出处
《安徽预防医学杂志》
2009年第2期92-95,共4页
Anhui Journal of Preventive Medicine
关键词
疟疾
流行特征
防治效果
malaria epidemic feature treatment
