摘要
目的掌握宁夏地方性氟中毒（地氟病）病区改水后病情的消长情况，为今后地氟病的防治工作提供科学的依据。方法 按照全国地方性氟中毒监测方案的要求，对监测县改水设施使用、运转情况进行调查；调查监测点8～12岁儿童氟斑牙、16岁以上成人氟骨症患病情况；对工程井水、居民户饮用水及8～12岁儿童尿样中的氟进行检测。结果1991—2007年度监测的盐池县降氟改水工程，水氟合格率1991年最高83．33％，2003、2004年最低21．43％；3个监测村8—12岁儿童氟斑牙检出率、尿氟几何均数总体呈下降趋势，但多数年份儿童氟斑牙检出率、尿氟几何均数超出国家标准；成人氟骨症临床症状体征检出率及X线阳性检出率随着人群年龄的增大而升高；监测村居民家中饮水氟含量有超标现象。结论对于饮水型地方性氟中毒病区，改换水源是非常有效的预防手段，而对改水后设施的管理、供水保证以及水氟含量的稳定等是保证防治措施有效的关键。
Objective To explore the changes about the endemic fluorosis after improving the water quality at Yanehi area, and to provide scientific data for prevention and treatment for endemic fluorosis. Methods The prevalence of dental fluorosis in 8 - 12-year-old and adults over the age 16 were investigated, and fluoride in household drinking water that was improved and 8 - 12-year-old child＇s urine was determined. Results From 1991 to 2007, by improving water quality projects, the water fluoride qualified rate was 83.3 % in 1991 and water fluoride qualified rate was 21.43% in 2003,2004. In three surveillance villages, the prevalence of dental fluorosis of 8- 12-year-old and Geometric mean of urinary fluoride overall showed downward trend. The child dental fluorosis rate and the geometric mean urinary fluoride were higher than those of national standards in the most years. The positive rate of adult skeletal fluorosis clinical symptoms and X-ray detection showed increasing as the population＇s age rise. Some resident＇s drinking water fluoride content exceeded standards. Conclusion The changing and improving of water source is the best ways for prevention for endemic fluorosis at the water-endemic fluorosis areas . The key ways to reduce the incidence rate of fluorosis are to provide water with low fluoride stability and ensure the project to run well.
出处
《宁夏医科大学学报》
2009年第4期471-473,F0002,共4页
Journal of Ningxia Medical University
关键词
饮水型氟中毒
监测
地氟病
改水
endemic fluorosis
surveillance
dental fluorosis
water improvement
