1Burr R, Marszalek J, Saul M, et al. The cost of-vascular access infections:Three years experience from a single outpatient dialysis center. Hemodial Int, 2003,7:73-104.
2Liu JW, Su YK, Liu CP, et al. Nosocomial blood-stream infections in patients with end-stage renal disease, excess length of hospital stay, extra cost and attributed mortality. Hosp Infect, 2002,50:224-227.
3Kairaitis LK, Gottlieb T. Outcome and complications of temporary haemodialysis catheters. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 1999,14:1710-1704.
4Oliver MJ, Callery SM, Thorpe KE, et al. Risk of bacteremia from temporary hemodialysis catheters by site of insertion and duration of use:A prospective study. Kidney Int, 2000,58:2543-2545.
5Saad TF. Bacteremia associated with tunneled, cuffed hemodialysis catheters. Am J Kidney Dis, 1999,34:1114-1124.
7Saxena AK, Panhotra BR, Chopra R. Advancing age and risk of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus among patients on long-term hospital-based hemodialysis. Ann Saudi Med, 2004,24:337-342.
8Saxena AK, Panhotra BR, Wahid Uzzaman. The impact of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus on the type of vascular access and dialysis access-related septicemia in elderly. Dial Transplant, 2003,32:2-10.
9Powe NR, Jaar B, Furth SL, et al. Septicemia in dialysis patients:Incidence, risk factors, and prognosis. Kidney Int, 1999,55:1081.
10De Cicco M, Campisi C, Matovic M. Central venous catheterrelated bloodstream infections:Pathogenesis factors, new perspectives in prevention and early diagnosis. J Vasc Access,2003,4:83-91.